PD Dr. Chiara Thumiger erforscht die Physiologie und kulturelle Bedeutung des menschlichen Körpers in der griechisch-römischen Antike, insbesondere die Rolle innerer Organe in medizinischen und literarischen Texten. Ihr aktuelles DFG-Projekt 'Living Guts' (2026–2029) untersucht, wie antike Ärzte und Schriftsteller das Verdauungssystem physiologisch verstanden und symbolisch dargestellt haben – von der Verletzlichkeit des Körpers bis zur Darstellung von Krankheit und Geisteszustand. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Begriffsgeschichte psychiatrischer Konzepte: Sie verfolgt, wie antike Krankheitskategorien wie 'Phrenitis' (Gehirnentzündung) über zwei Jahrtausende hinweg in medizinische Taxonomien und moderne Psychiatrie einflossen. Diese Arbeiten verbinden medizinhistorische Quellenanalyse mit kulturwissenschaftlicher Interpretation und zeigen, wie historische Körperkonzepte unser heutiges Verständnis von Gesundheit, Krankheit und Wahnsinn prägen.
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PD Dr. Chiara Thumiger
HU-FIS-Profil ↗Förderer: DFG Eigene Stelle (Sachbeihilfe) Zeitraum: 05/2026 - 04/2029 Projektleitung: PD Dr. Chiara Thumiger, Prof. Dr. Philip van der Eijk
Cambridge University Press eBooks · DOI
This book on ancient medicine offers a unique resource for historians of medicine, historians of psychology, and classicists - and also cultural historians and historians of art. The Hippocratic texts and other contemporary medical sources have often been overlooked when it comes to their approaches to psychology, which are considered more mechanical and less elaborated than contemporary poetic and philosophical representations, but also than later medical works, notably Galenic. This book aims to do justice to early medical accounts by illustrating their richness and sophistication, their links with contemporary cultural products, and the indebtedness of later medicine to their observations. The ancient sources are read not only as archaeological documents, but also in the light of methodological discussions that are fundamental in the history of psychiatry and the history of psychology.
In Mental Illness in Ancient Medicine: From Celsus to Paul of Aegina a detailed account is given, by a range of experts in the field, of the development of different conceptualizations of the mind and its pathology by medical authors from the beginning of the imperial period to the seventh century CE. New analysis is offered, both of the dominant texts of Galen and of such important but neglected figures as Rufus, Archigenes, Athenaeus of Attalia, Aretaeus, Caelius Aurelianus and the Byzantine 'compilers'. The work of these authors is considered both in its medical-historical context and in relation to philosophical and theological debates - on ethics and on the nature of the soul - with which they interacted.
This chapter offers a review of Greek general terminology of insanity as it is used in fifth- and early fourth-century medical texts. By ‘general’ the author indicates terminology which signifies insanity without strong specifications of features. The chapter first discusses the category of ‘general terms’. It describes briefly the discussion and problems posed by Hippocratic melancholia . The status of melancholia remains obviously much more opaque than that of phrenitis ; but it is also in turn more construed and composite than that of mania . The chapter presents a scrutiny of the concept in two respects, both (1) as a ‘disease’ proper and (2) as a psychological disorder in particular. It offers a review of the most important of these terms, broadly divided by etymological families. The Hippocratic texts reviewed in the chapter display an impressive linguistic effort to develop a range of terms to describe insanity. Keywords:Greek medical vocabulary; hippocratic texts; insanity; mania ; melancholia ; phrenitis