Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

Profil

• "76. Jahrestagung der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Elektrochemie", Mainz, 07.09.2025-12.09.2025

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: DFG sonstige Programme Zeitraum: 06/2025 - 12/2025 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• AL-BBL: Applikationslabor Berlin Battery Lab für nachhaltige Batteriesysteme

  Quelle ↗
  301 · Molekülchemie

  Förderer: Europäischer Fonds für regionale Entwicklung (EFRE) Zeitraum: 01/2026 - 12/2028 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• A strategy to develop air stable sodium Iron borate as high voltage cathode material and its mechanistic study

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung: Forschungskostenzuschuss Zeitraum: 05/2022 - 04/2024 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• Aufklärung von Substitutionseffekten in Na[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2 mit O3 Struktur zur Speicherung von Na in Batterien

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: DFG Sachbeihilfe Zeitraum: 10/2023 - 02/2027 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• AvH FKZ Kumar - SIBKA

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung: Forschungskostenzuschuss Zeitraum: 01/2024 - 12/2025 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• AvH-Forschungskostenzuschuss: Sai Gourang Patnaik (Surface Engineering of High Voltage Prussian Blue Cathodes for Na-Ion Batteries – Polymer Programming Approach)

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung: Forschungskostenzuschuss Zeitraum: 01/2021 - 12/2023 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• COIBS - New batteries based on solvent co-intercalation

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: Andere inländische Stiftungen Zeitraum: 01/2023 - 07/2025 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• Effiziente Hochtemperatur-Natrium-Schwefel-Batterien

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: Bundesministerium für Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt Zeitraum: 05/2026 - 04/2029 Projektleitung: Dr. Gustav Graeber, Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• Effiziente Hochtemperatur-Natrium-Schwefel-Batterien

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: Bundesministerium für Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt Zeitraum: 05/2026 - 04/2029 Projektleitung: Dr. Gustav Graeber, Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• Entwicklung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für Industriell Skalierbare Energiespeicher

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: Bundesministerium für Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt Zeitraum: 06/2024 - 05/2027 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• Ga-Sn-Flüssigmetalllegierungen (LMAs) als Anoden für Li-Ionen-Batterien mit hoher Energiedichte in festem Zustand

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung: Forschungskostenzuschuss Zeitraum: 05/2025 - 07/2025 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• Kalium-basierte Festkörperbatterien für Technologiediversität und Resilienz

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: Bundesministerium für Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt Zeitraum: 10/2023 - 09/2026 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• Kationen -Anionen RedOx Aktivmaterialien für Feststoffbatterien

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: Bundesministerium für Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt Zeitraum: 09/2022 - 08/2025 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• Liquefying the Li/SSE Interface for Stable Solid-State Li Metal Batteries

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: DAAD Betreuungskostenzuschuss / Sachmittelzuschuss Zeitraum: 09/2021 - 02/2023 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• Low Cost and Efficient Sodium-Ion Batteries Based on Abundant Elements

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: Bundesministerium für Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt Zeitraum: 01/2020 - 04/2021 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• Natriumbasierte feste Sulfid- und Oxid-Elektrolyt-Batterien

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: Bundesministerium für Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt Zeitraum: 01/2020 - 07/2022 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• Natrium-Ionen Batterie Demonstratoren für mobile und stationäre Energiespeicher

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: Bundesministerium für Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt Zeitraum: 01/2020 - 07/2022 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• Natriumionenleitung und Speicherung in anorganisch/organischen Festkörpern

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: DFG Sachbeihilfe Zeitraum: 01/2021 - 06/2024 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• Natrium-Ionen Materialien und Demonstratoren für mobile und stationäre Energiespeicher

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: Bundesministerium für Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt Zeitraum: 02/2023 - 08/2026 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• Natrium-Schwefel Feststoffbatterien

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: Bundesministerium für Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt Zeitraum: 11/2023 - 10/2026 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• NSF-DFG MISSION: INCUBATOR - Erforschung der Grenzflächenchemie in Sulfid-basierten Festkörperbatterien durch weiche und harte Röntgenspektroskopie unter Betriebsbedingungen

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: DFG Sachbeihilfe Internationale Kooperation Zeitraum: 03/2025 - 02/2028 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm, Katherine Ann Mazzio

• Optimierte Natrium-Feststoffbatterien mit neuen Anoden basierend auf Kohlenstoffgerüststrukturen

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: Bundesministerium für Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt Zeitraum: 02/2023 - 06/2026 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• Polymer Keramik Elektrolyte (PCE) für Mitteltemperatur Na-Batterien

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: Bundesministerium für Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt Zeitraum: 02/2023 - 04/2026 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• PREIS - Junge Spitzenforscher

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: Andere inländische Stiftungen Zeitraum: 01/2022 - 12/2025 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• Redoxchemie terrnärer Graphitinterkalationsverbindungen

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: DFG Sachbeihilfe Zeitraum: 03/2020 - 02/2021 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• Redox chemistry of ternary graphite intercalation compounds

  Quelle ↗
  301 · Molekülchemie

  Förderer: DFG Sachbeihilfe Zeitraum: 11/2025 - 10/2028 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• SIB-DE_Forschung - Sodium-Ion-Battery Deutschland (SIB:DE Initiative) - Eignung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für die europäische Energie- und Mobilitätswende

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: Bundesministerium für Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt Zeitraum: 01/2025 - 12/2027 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• Sodium-Ion Storage in Carbon Nanomaterials

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: DFG Sachbeihilfe Zeitraum: 03/2020 - 03/2022 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• Solvated Ions in Solid Electrodes: Alternative Routes Toward Rechargeable Batteries Based on Abundant Elements (SEED)

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: Horizon 2020: ERC Consolidator Grant Zeitraum: 06/2020 - 05/2025 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• Synthesis and Characterization of Earth-Abundant Silicate Cathodes for Critical-Element-Free Sodium Ion Batteries

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung: Forschungskostenzuschuss Zeitraum: 11/2024 - 10/2026 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• Twinning for Rechargeable Sodium-Ion Battery Research (TwinBat)

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: Horizon Europe: Coordination and Support Action (CSA) Zeitraum: 10/2024 - 09/2027 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• Untersuchung der spontanen Wechselwirkung der Elemente Kohlenstoff und Schwefel

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: DFG Sachbeihilfe Zeitraum: 10/2023 - 02/2027 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• Untersuchung von Kohlenstoffnanomaterialien und Kompositen für die Speicherung von Natrium in Natriumionenbatterien / Anteil Sino-German Center

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: DFG Sachbeihilfe Internationale Kooperation Zeitraum: 05/2020 - 12/2020 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• Viologen Covalent Organic Frameworks and their Self-Exfoliated Nanosheets Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung: Forschungskostenzuschuss Zeitraum: 01/2023 - 12/2024 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

• TIAMAT Energy

  KPT

  156 Treffer85.0%
  • Twinning for Rechargeable Sodium-Ion Battery Research (TwinBat)
    K

    85.0%

• Evonik Operations GmbH

  KPT

  198 Treffer85.0%
  • SIB-DE_Forschung - Sodium-Ion-Battery Deutschland (SIB:DE Initiative) - Eignung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für die europäische Energie- und Mobilitätswende
    K

    85.0%

• E-Lyte Innovations GmbH

  KPT

  197 Treffer85.0%
  • SIB-DE_Forschung - Sodium-Ion-Battery Deutschland (SIB:DE Initiative) - Eignung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für die europäische Energie- und Mobilitätswende
    K

    85.0%

• EurA AG

  KPT

  135 Treffer85.0%
  • Entwicklung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für Industriell Skalierbare Energiespeicher
    K

    85.0%

• VARTA Microbattery

  KPT

  193 Treffer85.0%
  • SIB-DE_Forschung - Sodium-Ion-Battery Deutschland (SIB:DE Initiative) - Eignung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für die europäische Energie- und Mobilitätswende
    K

    85.0%

• Heraeus Battery Technology GmbH

  KPT

  195 Treffer85.0%
  • Optimierte Natrium-Feststoffbatterien mit neuen Anoden basierend auf Kohlenstoffgerüststrukturen
    K

    85.0%

• Litona GmbH

  KPT

  189 Treffer85.0%
  • SIB-DE_Forschung - Sodium-Ion-Battery Deutschland (SIB:DE Initiative) - Eignung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für die europäische Energie- und Mobilitätswende
    K

    85.0%

• Rain Carbon Germany GmbH

  KPT

  198 Treffer85.0%
  • SIB-DE_Forschung - Sodium-Ion-Battery Deutschland (SIB:DE Initiative) - Eignung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für die europäische Energie- und Mobilitätswende
    K

    85.0%

• BASF SE

  KPT

  246 Treffer85.0%
  • Integrated Self-Assembled SWITCHable Systems and Materials: Towards Responsive Organic Electronics – A Multi-Site Innovative Training Action (iSwitch)
    K

    85.0%
  • SIB-DE_Forschung - Sodium-Ion-Battery Deutschland (SIB:DE Initiative) - Eignung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für die europäische Energie- und Mobilitätswende
    K

    85.0%
  • Ultra-High Charge Carrier Mobility to Elucidate Transport Mechanisms in Molecular Semiconductors (UHMob)
    K

    85.0%

• Wolfram Chemie GmbH

  KPT

  130 Treffer85.0%
  • Kalium-basierte Festkörperbatterien für Technologiediversität und Resilienz
    K

    85.0%

• From Lithium‐Ion to Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Advantages, Challenges, and Surprises

  2017

  Angewandte Chemie International Edition · 2549 Zitationen · DOI

  Mobile and stationary energy storage by rechargeable batteries is a topic of broad societal and economical relevance. Lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology is at the forefront of the development, but a massively growing market will likely put severe pressure on resources and supply chains. Recently, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have been reconsidered with the aim of providing a lower-cost alternative that is less susceptible to resource and supply risks. On paper, the replacement of lithium by sodium in a battery seems straightforward at first, but unpredictable surprises are often found in practice. What happens when replacing lithium by sodium in electrode reactions? This review provides a state-of-the art overview on the redox behavior of materials when used as electrodes in lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries, respectively. Advantages and challenges related to the use of sodium instead of lithium are discussed.

• Use of Graphite as a Highly Reversible Electrode with Superior Cycle Life for Sodium‐Ion Batteries by Making Use of Co‐Intercalation Phenomena

  2014

  Angewandte Chemie International Edition · 920 Zitationen · DOI

  Although being the standard anode material in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), graphite so far is considered to fail application in sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) because the Na-C system lacks suitable binary intercalation compounds. Here we show that this limitation can be circumvented by using co-intercalation phenomena in a diglyme-based electrolyte. The resulting compound is a stage-I ternary intercalation compound with an estimated stoichiometry of Na(diglyme)2C20. Highlights of the electrode reaction are its high energy efficiency, the small irreversible loss during the first cycle, and a superior cycle life with capacities close to 100 mAh g(-1) for 1000 cycles and coulomb efficiencies >99.87%. A one-to-one comparison with the analogue lithium-based cell shows that the sodium-based system performs better and also withstands higher currents.

• Intercalation chemistry of graphite: alkali metal ions and beyond

  2019

  Chemical Society Reviews · 866 Zitationen · DOI

  Reversibly intercalating ions into host materials for electrochemical energy storage is the essence of the working principle of rocking-chair type batteries. The most relevant example is the graphite anode for rechargeable Li-ion batteries which has been commercialized in 1991 and still represents the benchmark anode in Li-ion batteries 30 years later. Learning from past lessons on alkali metal intercalation in graphite, recent breakthroughs in sodium and potassium intercalation in graphite have been demonstrated for Na-ion batteries and K-ion batteries. Interestingly, some significant differences proved to exist for the intercalation of Na+ and K+ into graphite compared with the Li+ case. Such different host-guest interactions are unique depending on the host materials and electrolytes, which greatly contribute to a deeper understanding of intercalation-type electrode materials for next generation alkali metal ion batteries. This review summarizes significant advances from both experimental and theoretical calculations with a focus on comparing the intercalation of three alkali metal ions (Li+, Na+, K+) into graphite and aims to clarify the intimate host-guest relationships and the underlying mechanisms. New approaches developed to achieve favorable intercalation coupled with the challenges in this field are also discussed. We also extrapolate alkali metal ion intercalation in graphite to mono-/multi-valent ions in layered electrode materials, which will deepen the understanding of intercalation chemistry and provide guidance to explore new guests and hosts.

• A rechargeable room-temperature sodium superoxide (NaO2) battery

  2012

  Nature Materials · 784 Zitationen · DOI

• Synthesis of Hierarchically Porous Carbon Monoliths with Highly Ordered Microstructure and Their Application in Rechargeable Lithium Batteries with High‐Rate Capability

  2007

  Advanced Functional Materials · 700 Zitationen · DOI

  Abstract In this paper, we report on Li storage in hierarchically porous carbon monoliths with a relatively higher graphite‐like ordered carbon structure. Macroscopic carbon monoliths with both mesopores and macropores were successfully prepared by using meso‐/macroporous silica as a template and using mesophase pitch as a precursor. Owing to the high porosity (providing ionic transport channels) and high electronic conductivity (ca. 0.1 S cm –1 ), this porous carbon monolith with a mixed conducting 3D network shows a superior high‐rate performance if used as anode material in electrochemical lithium cells. A challenge for future research as to its applicability in batteries is the lowering of the irreversible capacity.

• Review on Challenges and Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Performance of High Capacity Li‐ and Mn‐Rich Cathode Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries

  2017

  Advanced Energy Materials · 607 Zitationen · DOI

  Abstract Li and Mn‐rich layered oxides, x Li 2 MnO 3 ·(1– x )LiMO 2 (M=Ni, Mn, Co), are promising cathode materials for Li‐ion batteries because of their high specific capacity that can exceed 250 mA h g −1 . However, these materials suffer from high 1 st cycle irreversible capacity, gradual capacity fading, low rate capability, a substantial charge‐discharge voltage hysteresis, and a large average discharge voltage decay during cycling. The latter detrimental phenomenon is ascribed to irreversible structural transformations upon cycling of these cathodes related to potentials ≥4.5 V required for their charging. Transition metal inactivation along with impedance increase and partial layered‐to‐spinel transformation during cycling are possible reasons for the detrimental voltage fade. Doping of Li, Mn‐rich materials by Na, Mg, Al, Fe, Co, Ru, etc. is useful for stabilizing capacity and mitigating the discharge‐voltage decay of x Li 2 MnO 3 ·(1– x )LiMO 2 electrodes. Surface modifications by thin coatings of Al 2 O 3 , V 2 O 5 , AlF 3 , AlPO 4 , etc. or by gas treatment (for instance, by NH 3 ) can also enhance voltage and capacity stability during cycling. This paper describes the recent literature results and ongoing efforts from our groups to improve the performance of Li, Mn‐rich materials. Focus is also on preparation of cobalt‐free cathodes, which are integrated layered‐spinel materials with high reversible capacity and stable performance.

• Room-temperature sodium-ion batteries: Improving the rate capability of carbon anode materials by templating strategies

  2011

  Energy & Environmental Science · 535 Zitationen · DOI

  Current kinetic limitations of carbon anode materials in sodium-ion batteries can be effectively tackled by using tailor-made carbon materials with hierarchical porosity prepared via the nanocasting route. Capacities exceeding 100 mA h g−1 at C/5 are found while exhibiting excellent rate capability and reasonable cycle life.

• Degradation of NASICON-Type Materials in Contact with Lithium Metal: Formation of Mixed Conducting Interphases (MCI) on Solid Electrolytes

  2013

  The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · 504 Zitationen · DOI

  We report on the transport properties of lithium ion conducting glass ceramics represented by the general composition Li1+x–yAlx3+My5+M2–x–y4+(PO4)3 with NASICON-type structure and their stability in contact with lithium metal. In particular, solid electrolyte phases with M = Ge, M = Ti, Ge, and M = Ti, Ta were investigated. AC impedance spectroscopy and DC polarization measurements were applied to determine the conductivity as a function of temperature, and to extract the partial electronic conductivity. The maximum total conductivity at room temperature was found to be about 4 × 10–4 S/cm for the solely Ge containing sample. We demonstrate that the combination of vacuum-based lithium thin film deposition and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is well suited to study the reactivity of the solid electrolyte membranes in contact with lithium. As a major result, we show that none of the materials investigated is stable in contact with lithium metal, and we discuss the reactive interaction between solid electrolytes and Li metal in terms of the formation of a mixed (ionic/electronic) conducting interphase (MCI) following the well-known SEI concept in liquid electrolytes.

• From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

  2015

  Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology · 460 Zitationen · DOI

  Research devoted to room temperature lithium-sulfur (Li/S8) and lithium-oxygen (Li/O2) batteries has significantly increased over the past ten years. The race to develop such cell systems is mainly motivated by the very high theoretical energy density and the abundance of sulfur and oxygen. The cell chemistry, however, is complex, and progress toward practical device development remains hampered by some fundamental key issues, which are currently being tackled by numerous approaches. Quite surprisingly, not much is known about the analogous sodium-based battery systems, although the already commercialized, high-temperature Na/S8 and Na/NiCl2 batteries suggest that a rechargeable battery based on sodium is feasible on a large scale. Moreover, the natural abundance of sodium is an attractive benefit for the development of batteries based on low cost components. This review provides a summary of the state-of-the-art knowledge on lithium-sulfur and lithium-oxygen batteries and a direct comparison with the analogous sodium systems. The general properties, major benefits and challenges, recent strategies for performance improvements and general guidelines for further development are summarized and critically discussed. In general, the substitution of lithium for sodium has a strong impact on the overall properties of the cell reaction and differences in ion transport, phase stability, electrode potential, energy density, etc. can be thus expected. Whether these differences will benefit a more reversible cell chemistry is still an open question, but some of the first reports on room temperature Na/S8 and Na/O2 cells already show some exciting differences as compared to the established Li/S8 and Li/O2 systems.

• High Electroactivity of Polyaniline in Supercapacitors by Using a Hierarchically Porous Carbon Monolith as a Support

  2007

  Advanced Functional Materials · 443 Zitationen · DOI

  Abstract A high‐performance polyaniline electrode was prepared by potentiostatic deposition of aniline on a hierarchically porous carbon monolith (HPCM), which was carbonized from the mesophase pitch. A capacitance value as high as 2200 F g –1 (per weight of polyaniline) is obtained at a power density of 0.47 kW kg –1 and an energy density of 300 W h kg –1 . This active material deposited on HPCM also has the advantageous of high stability. These properties can be essentially attributed to the backbone role of HPCM. The method also has the advantage of a topology that is favorable for kinetics at high power densities, thus, contributing to the increase of ionic conductivity and power density. There is also no need for a binder, which not only lowers the preparation costs but also offers advantages in terms of stability and performance.

• Dynamic formation of a solid-liquid electrolyte interphase and its consequences for hybrid-battery concepts

  2016

  Nature Chemistry · 442 Zitationen · DOI

• Nanosizing and Nanoconfinement: New Strategies Towards Meeting Hydrogen Storage Goals

  2010

  ChemSusChem · 379 Zitationen · DOI

  Hydrogen is expected to play an important role as an energy carrier in a future, more sustainable society. However, its compact, efficient, and safe storage is an unresolved issue. One of the main options is solid-state storage in hydrides. Unfortunately, no binary metal hydride satisfies all requirements regarding storage density and hydrogen release and uptake. Increasingly complex hydride systems are investigated, but high thermodynamic stabilities as well as slow kinetics and poor reversibility are important barriers for practical application. Nanostructuring by ball-milling is an established method to reduce crystallite sizes and increase reaction rates. Since five years attention has also turned to alternative preparation techniques that enable particle sizes below 10 nanometers and are often used in conjunction with porous supports or scaffolds. In this Review we discuss the large impact of nanosizing and -confinement on the hydrogen sorption properties of metal hydrides. We illustrate possible preparation strategies, provide insight into the reasons for changes in kinetics, reversibility and thermodynamics, and highlight important progress in this field. All in all we provide the reader with a clear view of how nanosizing and -confinement can beneficially affect the hydrogen sorption properties of the most prominent materials that are currently considered for solid-state hydrogen storage.

• Conversion reactions for sodium-ion batteries

  2013

  Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · 363 Zitationen · DOI

  Research on sodium-ion batteries has recently been rediscovered and is currently mainly focused on finding suitable electrode materials that enable cell reactions of high energy densities combined with low cost. Naturally, an assessment of potential electrode materials requires a rational comparison with the analogue reaction in lithium-ion batteries. In this paper, we systematically discuss the broad range of different conversion reactions for sodium-ion batteries based on their basic thermodynamic properties and compare them with their lithium analogues. Capacities, voltages, energy densities and volume expansions are summarized to sketch out the scope for future studies in this research field. We show that for a given conversion electrode material, replacing lithium by sodium leads to a constant shift in cell potential ΔE°(Li-Na) depending on the material class. For chlorides ΔE°(Li-Na) equals nearly zero. The theoretical energy densities of conversion reactions of sodium with fluorides or chlorides as positive electrode materials typically reach values between 700 W h kg(-1) and 1000 W h kg(-1). Next to the thermodynamic assessment, results on several conversion reactions between copper compounds (CuS, CuO, CuCl, CuCl2) and sodium are being discussed. Reactions with CuS and CuO were chosen because these compounds are frequently studied for conversion reactions with lithium. Chlorides are interesting because of ΔE°(Li-Na)≈ 0 V. As a result of chloride solubility in the electrolyte, the conversion process proceeds at defined potentials under rather small kinetic limitations.

• The Indium−Lithium Electrode in Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Phase Formation, Redox Potentials, and Interface Stability

  2019

  Batteries & Supercaps · 316 Zitationen · DOI

  Abstract Lithium solid‐state batteries (Li‐SSBs) require electrodes that provide a sufficiently stable interface with the solid electrolyte. Due to the often limited stability window of solid electrolytes, researchers frequently favor an In−Li alloy instead of lithium metal as counter electrode for two‐electrode measurements. Maintaining a stable potential at the counter electrode is especially important because three‐electrode measurements are hard to realize in solid‐state cells. Although a constant potential of about 0.6 V vs. Li + /Li is commonly accepted for the In−Li electrode, only little is known about the behavior of this electrode. Moreover, the In−Li phase diagram is complex containing several intermetallic phases/compounds such as the InLi phase, or line compounds such as In 4 Li 5 or In 2 Li 3 . This means that the redox potential of the In−Li electrode depends on the alloy composition, i. e. the In/Li ratio. Here, we study the behavior of In−Li electrodes in cells with liquid electrolyte to determine their phase evolution and several equilibrium potentials vs. Li + /Li. The room temperature equilibrium redox potential of the In−Li electrode with the favored composition (or more precisely the Li + /(In−InLi) electrode) is 0.62 V vs. Li + /Li. We then discuss the use of In−Li electrodes in solid state cells using Li 3 PS 4 as solid electrolyte and give examples on the importance of the right In/Li ratio of the electrode. While the right In/Li ratio enables stable lithium insertion/deinsertion in symmetrical cells for at least 100 cycles, too much lithium in the electrode leads to a drop in redox potential combined with a rapid build‐up of interface resistance.

• Challenges of today for Na-based batteries of the future: From materials to cell metrics

  2020

  Journal of Power Sources · 289 Zitationen · DOI

  Several emerging battery technologies are currently on endeavour to take a share of the dominant position taken by Li-ion batteries in the field of energy storage. Among them, sodium-based batteries offer a combination of attractive properties i.e., low cost, sustainable precursors and secure raw material supplies. Na-based batteries include related battery concepts, such as Na-ion, all solid-state Na batteries, Na/O2 and Na/S, that differ in key components and in redox chemistry, and therefore result in separate challenges and metrics. Na-ion batteries represent an attractive solution which is almost ready to challenge Li-ion technology in certain applications; the other cell concepts represent a more disruptive innovation, with a higher performance gain, provided that major hurdles are overcome. The present review aims at highlighting the most promising materials in the field of Na-based batteries and challenges needed to be addressed to make this technology industrially appealing, by providing an in-depth analysis of performance metrics from recent literature. To this end, half-cell reported metrics have been extrapolated to full cell level for the more mature Na-ion technology to provide a fair comparison with existing technologies.

• Graphite as Cointercalation Electrode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Electrode Dynamics and the Missing Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI)

  2018

  Advanced Energy Materials · 287 Zitationen · DOI

  Abstract The intercalation of solvated sodium ions into graphite from ether electrolytes was recently discovered to be a surprisingly reversible process. The mechanisms of this “cointercalation reaction” are poorly understood and commonly accepted design criteria for graphite intercalation electrodes do not seem to apply. The excellent reversibility despite the large volume expansion, the small polarization and the puzzling role of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) are particularly striking. Here, in situ electrochemical dilatometry, online electrochemical mass spectrometry (OEMS), a variety of other methods among scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) as well as theory to advance the understanding of this peculiar electrode reaction are used. The electrode periodically “breathes” by about 70–100% during cycling yet excellent reversibility is maintained. This is because the graphite particles exfoliate to crystalline platelets but do not delaminate. The speed at which the electrode breathes strongly depends on the state of discharge/charge. Below 0.5 V versus Na + /Na, the reaction behaves more pseudocapacitive than Faradaic. Despite the large volume changes, OEMS gas analysis shows that electrolyte decomposition is largely restricted to the first cycle only. Combined with TEM analysis and the electrochemical results, this suggests that the reaction is likely the first example of a SEI‐free graphite anode.

• Recent Progress for Concurrent Realization of Shuttle‐Inhibition and Dendrite‐Free Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

  2023

  Advanced Materials · 285 Zitationen · DOI

  Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have become one of the most promising new-generation energy storage systems owing to their ultrahigh energy density (2600 Wh kg^-1 ), cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. Nevertheless, their practical applications are seriously impeded by the shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), and the uncontrolled dendrite growth of metallic Li, which result in rapid capacity fading and battery safety problems. A systematic and comprehensive review of the cooperative combination effect and tackling the fundamental problems in terms of cathode and anode synchronously is still lacking. Herein, for the first time, the strategies for inhibiting shuttle behavior and dendrite-free Li-S batteries simultaneously are summarized and classified into three parts, including "two-in-one" S-cathode and Li-anode host materials toward Li-S full cell, "two birds with one stone" modified functional separators, and tailoring electrolyte for stabilizing sulfur and lithium electrodes. This review also emphasizes the fundamental Li-S chemistry mechanism and catalyst principles for improving electrochemical performance; advanced characterization technologies to monitor real-time LiPS evolution are also discussed in detail. The problems, perspectives, and challenges with respect to inhibiting the shuttle effect and dendrite growth issues as well as the practical application of Li-S batteries are also proposed.

• A comprehensive study on the cell chemistry of the sodium superoxide (NaO2) battery

  2013

  Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · 275 Zitationen · DOI

  This work reports on the cell chemistry of a room temperature sodium-oxygen battery using an electrolyte of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme) and sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate (NaSO3CF3, sodium triflate). Different from lithium-oxygen cells, where lithium peroxide is found as the discharge product, sodium superoxide (NaO2) is formed in the present cell, with overpotentials as low as 100 mV during charging. Several analytical methods are used to follow the cell reaction during discharge and charge. Changes in structure and morphology are studied by SEM and XRD. It is found that NaO2 grows as cubic particles with feed sizes in the range of 10-50 μm; upon recharge the particles consecutively decompose. Pressure monitoring during galvanostatic cycling shows that the coulombic efficiency (e(-)/O2) for discharge and charge is approx. 1.0, the expected value for NaO2 formation. Also optical spectroscopy is identified as a convenient and useful tool to follow the discharge-charge process. The maximum discharge capacity is found to be limited by oxygen transport within the electrolyte soaked carbon fiber cathode and pore blocking near the oxygen interface is observed. Finally electrolyte decomposition and sodium dendrite growth are identified as possible reasons for the limited capacity retention of the cell. The occurrence of undesired side reactions is analyzed by DEMS measurements during cycling as well as by post mortem XPS investigations.

• Electrochemical stability of non-aqueous electrolytes for sodium-ion batteries and their compatibility with Na_0.7CoO₂

  2013

  Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · 261 Zitationen · DOI

  The present study compares the physico-chemical properties of non-aqueous liquid electrolytes based on NaPF6, NaClO4 and NaCF3SO3 salts in the binary mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC). The ionic conductivity of the electrolytes is determined as a function of salt concentration and temperature. It is found that the electrolytes containing NaClO4 and NaPF6 exhibit ionic conductivities ranging from 5 mS cm(-1) to 7 mS cm(-1) at ambient temperature. The electrochemical stability window of the different electrolytes is studied by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements with respect to a variety of working electrodes (WE) such as glassy carbon (GC), graphite and a carbon gas diffusion layer (GDL). Electrolytes containing NaPF6 and NaClO4 are found to be electrochemically stable with respect to GC and GDL electrodes up to 4.5 V vs. Na/Na(+), with some side reactions starting from around 3.0 V for the latter salt. The results further show that aluminium is preferred over different steels as a cathode current collector. Copper is stable up to a potential of 3.5 V vs. Na/Na(+). In view of practical Na-ion battery systems, the electrolytes are electrochemically tested with Na0.7CoO2 as a positive electrode. It is inferred that the electrolyte NaPF6-EC : DMC is favorable for the formation of a stable surface film and the reversibility of the above cathode material.

• Designing Cathodes and Cathode Active Materials for Solid‐State Batteries

  2022

  Advanced Energy Materials · 238 Zitationen · DOI

  Abstract Solid‐state batteries (SSBs) currently attract great attention as a potentially safe electrochemical high‐energy storage concept. However, several issues still prevent SSBs from outperforming today's lithium‐ion batteries based on liquid electrolytes. One major challenge is related to the design of cathode active materials (CAMs) that are compatible with the superionic solid electrolytes (SEs) of interest. This perspective, gives a brief overview of the required properties and possible challenges for inorganic CAMs employed in SSBs, and describes state‐of‐the art solutions. In particular, the issue of tailoring CAMs is structured into challenges arising on the cathode‐, particle‐, and interface‐level, related to microstructural, (chemo‐)mechanical, and (electro‐)chemical interplay of CAMs with SEs, and finally guidelines for future CAM development for SSBs are proposed.

• Systematical electrochemical study on the parasitic shuttle-effect in lithium-sulfur-cells at different temperatures and different rates

  2014

  Journal of Power Sources · 238 Zitationen · DOI

• A comparative study on the impact of different glymes and their derivatives as electrolyte solvents for graphite co-intercalation electrodes in lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries

  2016

  Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · 217 Zitationen · DOI

  The abundance of sodium has recently sparked considerable interest in sodium-ion batteries (NIBs). Their similarity to conventional lithium-ion technology is obvious; however, the cell chemistry often significantly deviates. Graphite, although being the standard negative electrode in Li-ion batteries, is largely inactive for Na-ion storage in conventional non-aqueous carbonate-based electrolytes, for example. Very recently, it has been demonstrated that graphite can be activated for Na-ion storage in cells with ether-based electrolytes. The storage mechanism is based on co-intercalation of solvent molecules along with the Na-ions, forming ternary graphite intercalation compounds (t-GICs). This process is highly reversible but yet poorly understood. Here, we provide a comprehensive study on the formation and the stability of t-GICs. A series of ether solvents are being discussed: linear glymes with different chain lengths (mono-, di-, tri-, and tetraglyme), several derivatives with side groups as well as tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a cyclic ether and one crown ether. We show that the redox potentials shift depending on the ether chain length and mixing of ethers might enable tailoring of the redox behaviour. The inferior behaviour of triglyme is likely due to the less ideal ion coordination. Complementary experiments with lithium are made and demonstrate the superior behaviour of sodium. We find that the increase in graphene layer spacing during intercalation only slightly depends on the chain length and is in the range of 250%, and still mechanical stability is preserved. We further show the t-GICs possess chemical stability and demonstrate that the kinetically favoured charge transfer is probably due to the absence of a solid electrolyte interphase.

• On the Thermodynamics, the Role of the Carbon Cathode, and the Cycle Life of the Sodium Superoxide (NaO₂) Battery

  2014

  Advanced Energy Materials · 205 Zitationen · DOI

  Batteries based on the cell reaction between alkali metals and oxygen are highly attractive for energy storage due to their superior theoretical energy density. However, despite continuous progress, fundamental challenges in the further development of these cell systems remain. Understanding the oxygen electrode reaction and improving cycle life, while at the same time maximizing the practical energy density, are some of the most important issues that need to be addressed. Here, the product formation in aprotic sodium‐oxygen cells is studied and it is shown how cycle life and practical capacities can be improved. Different cell reactions (leading to either NaO 2 or Na 2 O 2 as discharge products) have recently been reported. To understand whether the carbon structure or the local current density has any influence on the product stoichiometry or the cell performance, several carbon materials with a broad range in properties are tested. Phase‐pure NaO 2 is always found as a discharge product, but capacities range from 300 to values as high as 4000 mAh g(C) −1 depending on the type of carbon. More importantly, the cycle life of Na/O 2 cells can be largely improved by shallow cycling, steadily yielding capacities of 1666 mAh g(C) −1 for at least 60 cycles using a Ketjen black carbon electrode.

• Hierarchically Porous Monolithic LiFePO₄/Carbon Composite Electrode Materials for High Power Lithium Ion Batteries

  2009

  Chemistry of Materials · 196 Zitationen · DOI

  A novel method for the preparation of hierarchically porous LiFePO4 electrode materials for lithium ion batteries has been investigated. A meso/macroporous carbon monolith, a conductive framework, was prepared and infiltrated with the LiFePO4 precursors to increase the electrode/electrolyte interface and improve the rate capability of the battery. The final LiFePO4/carbon monoliths feature a meso/macroporous hierarchical structure. The monoliths were calcined at increasing temperatures, from 650 to 800 °C, to determine the structural and sintering effects on the electrochemical properties of the materials. The samples were characterized using SEM, TEM, nitrogen sorption, and XRD analysis prior to electrochemical testing. The results showed that the capacity of the LiFePO4/carbon electrodes achieved 82% of the theoretical capacity at 0.1C discharge rate.

• The impact of carbon materials on the hydrogen storage properties of light metal hydrides

  2010

  Journal of Materials Chemistry · 182 Zitationen · DOI

  The safe and efficient storage of hydrogen is still one of the remaining challenges towards fuel cell powered cars. Metal hydrides are a promising class of materials as they allow the storage of large amounts of hydrogen in a small volume at room temperature and low pressures. However, usually the kinetics of hydrogen release and uptake and the thermodynamic properties do not satisfy the requirements for practical applications. Therefore current research focuses on catalysis and the thermodynamic tailoring of metal hydride systems. Surprisingly, carbon materials used as additive or support are very effective to improve the hydrogen storage properties of metal hydrides allowing fast kinetics and even a change in the thermodynamic properties. Even though the underlying mechanisms are not always well understood, the beneficial effect is probably related to the peculiar structure of the carbon materials. This feature article gives an introduction to the different carbon materials, an overview of the preparation strategies to synthesize carbon/hydride nanocomposites, and highlights the beneficial effect of carbon by discussing two important hydrides: MgH2 and NaAlH4.

• Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg

  Entwicklung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für Industriell Skalierbare Energiespeicher

  university

• BASF SE

  SIB-DE_Forschung - Sodium-Ion-Battery Deutschland (SIB:DE Initiative) - Eignung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für die europäische Energie- und Mobilitätswende

  company

• Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung

  Effiziente Hochtemperatur-Natrium-Schwefel-Batterien

  other

• Centre national de la recherche scientifique

  Twinning for Rechargeable Sodium-Ion Battery Research (TwinBat)

  other

• E-Lyte Innovations GmbH

  SIB-DE_Forschung - Sodium-Ion-Battery Deutschland (SIB:DE Initiative) - Eignung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für die europäische Energie- und Mobilitätswende

  company

• EurA AG

  Entwicklung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für Industriell Skalierbare Energiespeicher

  company

• Evonik Operations GmbH

  SIB-DE_Forschung - Sodium-Ion-Battery Deutschland (SIB:DE Initiative) - Eignung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für die europäische Energie- und Mobilitätswende

  company

• Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH

  SIB-DE_Forschung - Sodium-Ion-Battery Deutschland (SIB:DE Initiative) - Eignung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für die europäische Energie- und Mobilitätswende

  company

• Fraunhofer-Einrichtung Forschungsfertigung Batteriezelle

  SIB-DE_Forschung - Sodium-Ion-Battery Deutschland (SIB:DE Initiative) - Eignung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für die europäische Energie- und Mobilitätswende

  other

• Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung

  Polymer Keramik Elektrolyte (PCE) für Mitteltemperatur Na-Batterien

  other

• Fraunhofer-Institut für Fertigungstechnik und Angewandte Materialforschung

  SIB-DE_Forschung - Sodium-Ion-Battery Deutschland (SIB:DE Initiative) - Eignung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für die europäische Energie- und Mobilitätswende

  other

• Fraunhofer-Institut für Gießerei-, Composite- und Verarbeitungstechnik

  SIB-DE_Forschung - Sodium-Ion-Battery Deutschland (SIB:DE Initiative) - Eignung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für die europäische Energie- und Mobilitätswende

  other

• Fraunhofer-Institut für Keramische Technologien und Systeme

  Polymer Keramik Elektrolyte (PCE) für Mitteltemperatur Na-Batterien

  other

• Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena

  Optimierte Natrium-Feststoffbatterien mit neuen Anoden basierend auf Kohlenstoffgerüststrukturen

  university

• Gebze Teknik Üniversitesi

  Twinning for Rechargeable Sodium-Ion Battery Research (TwinBat)

  university

• Gebze Teknik Universitesi Teknoloji Transfer Ofisi Anonim

  Twinning for Rechargeable Sodium-Ion Battery Research (TwinBat)

  other

• Helmholtz-Institut Münster

  Kalium-basierte Festkörperbatterien für Technologiediversität und Resilienz

  research_institute

• Helmholtz-Institut Ulm

  SIB-DE_Forschung - Sodium-Ion-Battery Deutschland (SIB:DE Initiative) - Eignung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für die europäische Energie- und Mobilitätswende

  research_institute

• Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie

  AL-BBL: Applikationslabor Berlin Battery Lab für nachhaltige Batteriesysteme

  other

• Heraeus Battery Technology GmbH

  Optimierte Natrium-Feststoffbatterien mit neuen Anoden basierend auf Kohlenstoffgerüststrukturen

  company

• IBU-tec advanced materials AG

  Entwicklung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für Industriell Skalierbare Energiespeicher

  company

• Institut für Nanotechnologie - BELLA

  SIB-DE_Forschung - Sodium-Ion-Battery Deutschland (SIB:DE Initiative) - Eignung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für die europäische Energie- und Mobilitätswende

  other

• Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen

  Redox chemistry of ternary graphite intercalation compounds

  university

• Karlsruher Institut für Technologie

  SIB-DE_Forschung - Sodium-Ion-Battery Deutschland (SIB:DE Initiative) - Eignung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für die europäische Energie- und Mobilitätswende

  university

• Litona GmbH

  SIB-DE_Forschung - Sodium-Ion-Battery Deutschland (SIB:DE Initiative) - Eignung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für die europäische Energie- und Mobilitätswende

  company

• PowerCo SE / Volkswagen AG

  Entwicklung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für Industriell Skalierbare Energiespeicher

  company

• Rain Carbon Germany GmbH

  SIB-DE_Forschung - Sodium-Ion-Battery Deutschland (SIB:DE Initiative) - Eignung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für die europäische Energie- und Mobilitätswende

  company

• Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen

  SIB-DE_Forschung - Sodium-Ion-Battery Deutschland (SIB:DE Initiative) - Eignung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für die europäische Energie- und Mobilitätswende

  university

• Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik GmbH

  SIB-DE_Forschung - Sodium-Ion-Battery Deutschland (SIB:DE Initiative) - Eignung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für die europäische Energie- und Mobilitätswende

  company

• Technische Universität Chemnitz

  Untersuchung der spontanen Wechselwirkung der Elemente Kohlenstoff und Schwefel

  university

• Technische Universität München

  SIB-DE_Forschung - Sodium-Ion-Battery Deutschland (SIB:DE Initiative) - Eignung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für die europäische Energie- und Mobilitätswende

  university

• TIAMAT Energy

  Twinning for Rechargeable Sodium-Ion Battery Research (TwinBat)

  other

• Universität Bayreuth

  SIB-DE_Forschung - Sodium-Ion-Battery Deutschland (SIB:DE Initiative) - Eignung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für die europäische Energie- und Mobilitätswende

  university

• Universität Münster

  SIB-DE_Forschung - Sodium-Ion-Battery Deutschland (SIB:DE Initiative) - Eignung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für die europäische Energie- und Mobilitätswende

  university

• VARTA Microbattery

  SIB-DE_Forschung - Sodium-Ion-Battery Deutschland (SIB:DE Initiative) - Eignung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für die europäische Energie- und Mobilitätswende

  other

• VARTA Storage

  Entwicklung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für Industriell Skalierbare Energiespeicher

  other

• Wolfram Chemie GmbH

  Kalium-basierte Festkörperbatterien für Technologiediversität und Resilienz

  company

• Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg

  SIB-DE_Forschung - Sodium-Ion-Battery Deutschland (SIB:DE Initiative) - Eignung der Natrium-Ionen-Technologie für die europäische Energie- und Mobilitätswende

  other

Name

Prof. Dr. Philipp Adelhelm

Titel

Prof. Dr.

Fakultät

Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät

Institut

Institut für Chemie

Arbeitsgruppe

Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie (Physikalische Chemie der Materialien)

Telefon

+49 30 2093-82612

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26.4.2026, 01:01:47