Prof. Dr. phil. Martin Rolfs
Profil
Forschungsthemen25
Bestimmung pathophysiologischer Mechanismen psychotischer Störungen im okulomotorischen System
Quelle ↗Förderer: Öffentliche Förderorganisationen anderer Länder Zeitraum: 09/2017 - 07/2021 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. phil. Martin Rolfs
DFG-Sachbeihilfe: Aufmerksamkeit und sensorische Integration im aktiven Sehen von bewegten Objekten
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG Sachbeihilfe Zeitraum: 05/2018 - 12/2022 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. phil. Martin Rolfs
DFG-Sachbeihilfe: Der Einfluss von Bewegung auf die Aufrechterhaltung von Informationen im visuellen Gedächtnis
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG Sachbeihilfe Zeitraum: 05/2016 - 04/2019 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. phil. Martin Rolfs, Dr. Sven Ohl
Die Aktualisierung visueller Gedächtnisinhalte bei Bewegungen
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG Eigene Stelle (Sachbeihilfe) Zeitraum: 10/2019 - 05/2023 Projektleitung: Dr. Sven Ohl, Prof. Dr. phil. Martin Rolfs
Die Aktualisierung visueller Gedächtnisinhalte bei Bewegungen
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG Sachbeihilfe Zeitraum: 10/2019 - 05/2023 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. phil. Martin Rolfs
Die Funktion (raum-)zeitlichen Kontextes im visuellen Arbeitsgedächtnis
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG Sachbeihilfe Zeitraum: 05/2022 - 12/2025 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. phil. Martin Rolfs, Dr. rer. nat. Anna Heuer
Die Repräsentation der zeitlichen Struktur visueller Ereignisse im Arbeitsgedächtnis und ihre Nutzung für die Fokussierung von Gedächtnisinhalten
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG Eigene Stelle (Sachbeihilfe) Zeitraum: 09/2018 - 11/2021 Projektleitung: Dr. rer. nat. Anna Heuer, Prof. Dr. phil. Martin Rolfs
Die Repräsentation der zeitlichen Struktur visueller Ereignisse im Arbeitsgedächtnis und ihre Nutzung für die Fokussierung von Gedächtnisinhalten
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG Sachbeihilfe Zeitraum: 01/2019 - 12/2021 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. phil. Martin Rolfs, Dr. rer. nat. Anna Heuer
Dynamik okulomotorischer Anpassung und ihre Interaktion mit der Wahrnehmung
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG Sachbeihilfe Zeitraum: 01/2015 - 12/2018 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. phil. Martin Rolfs
EU: How Action Preparation Shapes What We Perceive: Spatiotemporal Visual Processing in the Context of Goal-Directed Eye and Hand Movements (PremotorPerception)
Quelle ↗Förderer: Horizon 2020: Individual Fellowship Global (IF-G) Zeitraum: 02/2021 - 01/2024 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. phil. Martin Rolfs
EXC 2002/1: Capabilities and Consequences of Recursive, Hierarchical Information Processing in Visual Systems (TP 02)
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG Exzellenzstrategie Cluster Zeitraum: 10/2019 - 11/2024 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. phil. Martin Rolfs
EXC 2002/1: Control Models of Perceptual Stability in Active Observers (TP 23)
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG Exzellenzstrategie Cluster Zeitraum: 10/2020 - 05/2024 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. phil. Martin Rolfs
EXC 2002/1: Object-Level Scene Descriptions and Attention in Visual Search (Research Unit 1, TP 01)
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG Exzellenzstrategie Cluster Zeitraum: 09/2019 - 03/2024 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. phil. Martin Rolfs
EXC 2002: Science of Intelligence (SCIoI)
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG Exzellenzstrategie Cluster Zeitraum: 01/2019 - 12/2025 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Michael Pauen, Prof. Dr. Pawel Romanczuk, Prof. Dr. sc. nat. Verena Hafner, Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Rasha Abdel Rahman, Prof. Dr. phil. Martin Rolfs, Prof. Dr. Jens Krause
Heisenberg-Professur Rolfs - Allgemeine Psychologie: Aktive Wahrnehmung und Kognition
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG Heisenberg Programm Zeitraum: 01/2018 - 09/2020 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. phil. Martin Rolfs
How Visual Action Shapes Active Vision (VIS-A-VIS)
Quelle ↗Förderer: Horizon 2020: ERC Consolidator Grant Zeitraum: 01/2021 - 12/2025 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. phil. Martin Rolfs
NW/1: Die Architektur von Aufmerksamkeitsprozessen im aktiven Sehen
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG Nachwuchsgruppe Zeitraum: 10/2012 - 03/2016 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. phil. Martin Rolfs
NW/2: Die Architektur von Aufmerksamkeitsprozessen im aktiven Sehen
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG Nachwuchsgruppe Zeitraum: 03/2015 - 02/2017 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. phil. Martin Rolfs
NW/3: Die Architektur von Aufmerksamkeitsprozessen im aktiven Sehen
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG Nachwuchsgruppe Zeitraum: 10/2016 - 12/2018 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. phil. Martin Rolfs
Premotor visual perception in the fovea and foveola
Quelle ↗Förderer: Horizon Europe: Postdoctoral Fellowship Global (PF-G) Zeitraum: 09/2026 - 08/2029 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. phil. Martin Rolfs
Proof of Concept für die Entwicklung intelligenter Kennzahlensysteme
Quelle ↗Förderer: Wirtschaftsunternehmen / gewerbliche Wirtschaft Zeitraum: 03/2015 - 08/2015 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. phil. Martin Rolfs
Stabiles Sehen: Die Rolle von Unstetigkeit und Unterbrechung
Quelle ↗Förderer: DAAD Zeitraum: 01/2017 - 12/2017 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. phil. Martin Rolfs
VA: 7. Bernstein Sparks Workshop: Active Perceptual Memory, 26. -27.10.2015
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG sonstige Programme Zeitraum: 10/2015 - 11/2015 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. phil. Martin Rolfs
VA: Bernstein-Netzwerk Förderung: Bernstein Sparks Workshop on Active Perceptual Memory
Quelle ↗Zeitraum: 10/2015 - 12/2018 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. phil. Martin Rolfs
Verlängerung Heisenberg-Professur: Martin Rolfs (Allgemeine Psychologie: Aktive Wahrnehmung und Kognition)
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG Heisenberg Programm Zeitraum: 10/2020 - 05/2023 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. phil. Martin Rolfs
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Publikationen25
Top 25 nach Zitationen — Quelle: OpenAlex (BAAI/bge-m3 embedded für Matching).
The European Journal of Cognitive Psychology · 724 Zitationen · DOI
We tested the effects of word length, frequency, and predictability on inspection durations (first fixation, single fixation, gaze duration, and reading time) and inspection probabilities during first‐pass reading (skipped, once, twice) for a corpus of 144 German sentences (1138 words) and a subset of 144 target words uncorrelated in length and frequency, read by 33 young and 32 older adults. For corpus words, length and frequency were reliably related to inspection durations and probabilities, predictability only to inspection probabilities. For first‐pass reading of target words all three effects were reliable for inspection durations and probabilities. Low predictability was strongly related to second‐pass reading. Older adults read slower than young adults and had a higher frequency of regressive movements. The data are to serve as a benchmark for computational models of eye movement control in reading.
Vision Research · 542 Zitationen · DOI
Trends in Cognitive Sciences · 398 Zitationen · DOI
Nature Neuroscience · 348 Zitationen · DOI
Journal of Vision · 246 Zitationen · DOI
Microsaccades are one component of the small eye movements that constitute fixation. Their implementation in the oculomotor system is unknown. To better understand the physiological and mechanistic processes underlying microsaccade generation, we studied microsaccadic inhibition, a transient drop of microsaccade rate, in response to irrelevant visual and auditory stimuli. Quantitative descriptions of the time course and strength of inhibition revealed a strong dependence of microsaccadic inhibition on stimulus characteristics. In Experiment 1, microsaccadic inhibition occurred sooner after auditory than after visual stimuli and after luminance-contrast than after color-contrast visual stimuli. Moreover, microsaccade amplitude strongly decreased during microsaccadic inhibition. In Experiment 2, the latency of microsaccadic inhibition increased with decreasing luminance contrast. We develop a conceptual model of microsaccade generation in which microsaccades result from fixation-related activity in a motor map coding for both fixation and saccades. In this map, fixation is represented at the central site. Saccades are generated by activity in the periphery, their amplitude increasing with eccentricity. The activity at the central, fixation-related site of the map predicts the rate of microsaccades as well as their amplitude and direction distributions. This model represents a framework for understanding the dynamics of microsaccade behavior in a broad range of tasks.
Journal of Neuroscience · 187 Zitationen · DOI
Humans and other animals with foveate vision make saccadic eye movements to prioritize the visual analysis of behaviorally relevant information. Even before movement onset, visual processing is selectively enhanced at the target of a saccade, presumably gated by brain areas controlling eye movements. Here we assess concurrent changes in visual performance and perceived contrast before saccades, and show that saccade preparation enhances perception rapidly, altering early visual processing in a manner akin to increasing the physical contrast of the visual input. Observers compared orientation and contrast of a test stimulus, appearing briefly before a saccade, to a standard stimulus, presented previously during a fixation period. We found simultaneous progressive enhancement in both orientation discrimination performance and perceived contrast as time approached saccade onset. These effects were robust as early as 60 ms after the eye movement was cued, much faster than the voluntary deployment of covert attention (without eye movements), which takes ∼300 ms. Our results link the dynamics of saccade preparation, visual performance, and subjective experience and show that upcoming eye movements alter visual processing by increasing the signal strength.
Current Biology · 158 Zitationen · DOI
Europhysics Letters (EPL) · 153 Zitationen · DOI
PACS. 05.45.-a – Nonlinear dynamics and chaos. PACS. 05.45.Tp – Time series analysis. PACS. 05.45.Xt – Synchronization; coupled oscillators. Abstract. – We present an approach to generate (multivariate) twin surrogates (TS) based on recurrence properties. This technique generates surrogates which correspond to an independent copy of the underlying system, i.e. they induce a trajectory of the underlying system starting at different initial conditions. We show that these surrogates are well suited to test for complex synchronisation and exemplify this for the paradigmatic system of Rössler oscillators. The proposed test enables to assess the statistical relevance of a synchronisation analysis from passive experiments which are typical in natural systems. Introduction. – The concepts of complex synchronisation and especially phase synchronisation (PS) have been intensively studied in recent years [1]. Indications of PS have been found in many laboratory and natural systems [2]. The corresponding studies are usually based on the computation of a measure which quantifies dependencies of the instantaneous phases of the time series. However, even though these measures may be normalised between
Journal of Vision · 130 Zitationen · DOI
The present study addresses the question of how objects are localized across saccades. In a task requiring participants to compare the location of a post-saccadic probe with the pre-saccadic target, we investigated the roles of saccade landing site and post-saccadic probe location. Saccade landing sites vary from trial to trial because of oculomotor error but can also be shifted by saccadic adaptation. Visual targets were extinguished during the saccade and reappeared after a short blank to counteract saccadic suppression of displacement. Performance in localizing targets after unadapted saccades was nearly veridical and independent of actual landing site, showing that trial-to-trial oculomotor error did not contribute to post-saccadic localization. This result suggests that much of the oculomotor error of saccades is included in the efference copy vector and this allows the recovery of a remapped target location that is often not foveal, but stable and accurate across trials. Displacement judgments relative to this remapped location will be independent of trial-to-trial variability in landing site. After adapted saccades, post-saccadic localization shifted in the direction opposite to adaptation but again, trial-by-trial landing site variability did not correlate with performance. This result suggests that the efference copy matches the planned upcoming saccade, be it adapted or not.
Journal of Vision · 126 Zitationen · DOI
Perceptual aftereffects provide a sensitive tool to investigate the influence of eye and head position on visual processing. There have been recent indications that the TAE is remapped around the time of a saccade to remain aligned to the adapting location in the world. Here, we investigate the spatial frame of reference of the TAE by independently manipulating retinal position, gaze orientation, and head orientation between adaptation and test. The results show that the critical factor in the TAE is the correspondence between the adaptation and test locations in a retinotopic frame of reference, whereas world- and head-centric frames of reference do not play a significant role. Our results confirm that adaptation to orientation takes place at retinotopic levels of visual processing. We suggest that the remapping process that plays a role in visual stability does not transfer feature gain information around the time of eye (or head) movements.
Experimental Brain Research · 111 Zitationen · DOI
Journal of Vision · 104 Zitationen · DOI
Although eye-, head- and body-movements can produce large-scale translations of the visual input on the retina, perception is notable for its spatiotemporal continuity. The visual system might achieve this by the creation of a detailed map in world coordinates--a spatiotopic representation. We tested the coordinate system of the motion aftereffect by adapting observers to translational motion and then tested (1) at the same retinal and spatial location (full aftereffect condition), (2) at the same retinal location, but at a different spatial location (retinotopic condition), (3) at the same spatial, but at a different retinal location (spatiotopic condition), or (4) at a different spatial and retinal location (general transfer condition). We used large stimuli moving at high speed to maximize the likelihood of motion integration across space. In a second experiment, we added a contrast-decrement detection task to the motion stimulus to ensure attention was directed at the adapting location. Strong motion aftereffects were found when observers were tested in the full and retinotopic aftereffect conditions. We also found a smaller aftereffect at the spatiotopic location but it did not differ from that at the location that was neither spatiotopic nor retinotopic. This pattern of results did not change when attention was explicitly directed at the adapting stimulus. We conclude that motion adaptation took place at retinotopic levels of visual cortex and that no spatiotopic interaction of motion adaptation and test occurred across saccades.
Journal of Neurophysiology · 100 Zitationen · DOI
Whenever the eyes move, spatial attention must keep track of the locations of targets as they shift on the retina. This study investigated transsaccadic updating of visual attention to cued targets. While observers prepared a saccade, we flashed an irrelevant, but salient, color cue in their visual periphery and measured the allocation of spatial attention before and after the saccade using a tilt discrimination task. We found that just before the saccade, attention was allocated to the cue's future retinal location, its predictively "remapped" location. Attention was sustained at the cue's location in the world across the saccade, despite the change of retinal position whereas it decayed quickly at the retinal location of the cue, after the eye landed. By extinguishing the color cue across the saccade, we further demonstrate that the visual system relies only on predictive allocation of spatial attention, as the presence of the cue after the saccade did not substantially affect attentional allocation. These behavioral results support and extend physiological evidence showing predictive activation of visual neurons when an attended stimulus will fall in their receptive field after a saccade. Our results show that tracking of spatial locations across saccades is a plausible consequence of physiological remapping.
Attention Perception & Psychophysics · 84 Zitationen · DOI
PLoS ONE · 79 Zitationen · DOI
Human information processing depends critically on continuous predictions about upcoming events, but the temporal convergence of expectancy-based top-down and input-driven bottom-up streams is poorly understood. We show that, during reading, event-related potentials differ between exposure to highly predictable and unpredictable words no later than 90 ms after visual input. This result suggests an extremely rapid comparison of expected and incoming visual information and gives an upper temporal bound for theories of top-down and bottom-up interactions in object recognition.
Perception · 78 Zitationen · DOI
Alfred L. Yarbus was among the first to demonstrate that eye movements actively serve our perceptual and cognitive goals, a crucial recognition that is at the heart of today's research on active vision. He realized that not the changes in fixation stick in memory but the changes in shifts of attention. Indeed, oculomotor control is tightly coupled to functions as fundamental as attention and memory. This tight relationship offers an intriguing perspective on transsaccadic perceptual continuity, which we experience despite the fact that saccades cause rapid shifts of the image across the retina. Here, I elaborate this perspective based on a series of psychophysical findings. First, saccade preparation shapes the visual system's priorities; it enhances visual performance and perceived stimulus intensity at the targets of the eye movement. Second, before saccades, the deployment of visual attention is updated, predictively facilitating perception at those retinal locations that will be relevant once the eyes land. Third, saccadic eye movements strongly affect the contents of visual memory, highlighting their crucial role for which parts of a scene we remember or forget. Together, these results provide insights on how attentional processes enable the visual system to cope with the retinal consequences of saccades.
Journal of Neurophysiology · 72 Zitationen · DOI
Saccadic eye movements occur frequently even during attempted fixation, but they halt momentarily when a new stimulus appears. Here, we demonstrate that this rapid, involuntary "oculomotor freezing" reflex is yoked to fluctuations in explicit visual perception. Human observers reported the presence or absence of a brief visual stimulus while we recorded microsaccades, small spontaneous eye movements. We found that microsaccades were reflexively inhibited if and only if the observer reported seeing the stimulus, even when none was present. By applying a novel Bayesian classification technique to patterns of microsaccades on individual trials, we were able to decode the reported state of perception more accurately than the state of the stimulus (present vs. absent). Moreover, explicit perceptual sensitivity and the oculomotor reflex were both susceptible to orientation-specific adaptation. The adaptation effects suggest that the freezing reflex is mediated by signals processed in the visual cortex before reaching oculomotor control centers rather than relying on a direct subcortical route, as some previous research has suggested. We conclude that the reflexive inhibition of microsaccades immediately and inadvertently reveals when the observer becomes aware of a change in the environment. By providing an objective measure of conscious perceptual detection that does not require explicit reports, this finding opens doors to clinical applications and further investigations of perceptual awareness.
Vision Research · 69 Zitationen · DOI
Psychological Science · 67 Zitationen · DOI
Nature Reviews Psychology · 66 Zitationen · DOI
Trends in Cognitive Sciences · 65 Zitationen · DOI
Journal of Vision · 60 Zitationen · DOI
When visual objects shift rapidly across the retina, they produce motion blur. Intra-saccadic visual signals, caused incessantly by our own saccades, are thought to be eliminated at early stages of visual processing. Here we investigate whether they are still available to the visual system and could-in principle-be used as cues for localizing objects as they change locations on the retina. Using a high-speed projection system, we developed a trans-saccadic identification task in which brief but continuous intra-saccadic object motion was key to successful performance. Observers made a saccade to a target stimulus that moved rapidly either up or down, strictly during the eye movement. Just as the target reached its final position, an identical distractor stimulus appeared on the opposite side, resulting in a display of two identical stimuli upon saccade landing. Observers had to identify the original target using the only available clue: the target's intra-saccadic movement. In an additional replay condition, we presented the observers' own intra-saccadic retinal stimulus trajectories during fixation. Compared to the replay condition, task performance was impaired during saccades but recovered fully when a post-saccadic blank was introduced. Reverse regression analyses and confirmatory experiments showed that performance increased markedly when targets had long movement durations, low spatial frequencies, and orientations parallel to their retinal trajectory-features that promote intra-saccadic motion streaks. Although the potential functional role of intra-saccadic visual signals is still unclear, our results suggest that they could provide cues to tracking objects that rapidly change locations across saccades.
eLife · 53 Zitationen · DOI
High-acuity foveal processing is vital for human vision. Nonetheless, little is known about how the preparation of large-scale rapid eye movements (saccades) affects visual sensitivity in the center of gaze. Based on findings from passive fixation tasks, we hypothesized that during saccade preparation, foveal processing anticipates soon-to-be fixated visual features. Using a dynamic large-field noise paradigm, we indeed demonstrate that defining features of an eye movement target are enhanced in the pre-saccadic center of gaze. Enhancement manifested as higher Hit Rates for foveal probes with target-congruent orientation and a sensitization to incidental, target-like orientation information in foveally presented noise. Enhancement was spatially confined to the center of gaze and its immediate vicinity, even after parafoveal task performance had been raised to a foveal level. Moreover, foveal enhancement during saccade preparation was more pronounced and developed faster than enhancement during passive fixation. Based on these findings, we suggest a crucial contribution of foveal processing to trans-saccadic visual continuity: Foveal processing of saccade targets commences before the movement is executed and thereby enables a seamless transition once the center of gaze reaches the target.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · 51 Zitationen · DOI
We investigated the impact of the preparation of reach movements on visual perception by simultaneously quantifying both an objective measure of visual sensitivity and the subjective experience of apparent contrast. Using a two-by-two alternative forced choice task, observers compared the orientation (clockwise or counterclockwise) and the contrast (higher or lower) of a Standard Gabor and a Test Gabor, the latter of which was presented during reach preparation, at the reach target location or the opposite location. Discrimination performance was better overall at the reach target than at the opposite location. Perceived contrast increased continuously at the target relative to the opposite location during reach preparation, that is, after the onset of the cue indicating the reach target. The finding that performance and appearance do not evolve in parallel during reach preparation points to a distinction with saccade preparation, for which we have shown previously there is a parallel temporal evolution of performance and appearance. Yet akin to saccade preparation, this study reveals that overall reach preparation enhances both visual performance and appearance.
Journal of Vision · 49 Zitationen · DOI
Distinct attentional mechanisms enhance the sensory processing of visual stimuli that appear at task-relevant locations and have task-relevant features. We used a combination of psychophysics and computational modeling to investigate how these two types of attention--spatial and feature based--interact to modulate sensitivity when combined in one task. Observers monitored overlapping groups of dots for a target change in color saturation, which they had to localize as being in the upper or lower visual hemifield. Pre-cues indicated the target's most likely location (left/right), color (red/green), or both location and color. We measured sensitivity (d') for every combination of the location cue and the color cue, each of which could be valid, neutral, or invalid. When three competing saturation changes occurred simultaneously with the target change, there was a clear interaction: The spatial cueing effect was strongest for the cued color, and the color cueing effect was strongest at the cued location. In a second experiment, only the target dot group changed saturation, such that stimulus competition was low. The resulting cueing effects were statistically independent and additive: The color cueing effect was equally strong at attended and unattended locations. We account for these data with a computational model in which spatial and feature-based attention independently modulate the gain of sensory responses, consistent with measurements of cortical activity. Multiple responses then compete via divisive normalization. Sufficient competition creates interactions between the two cueing effects, although the attentional systems are themselves independent. This model helps reconcile seemingly disparate behavioral and physiological findings.
Kooperationen9
Bestätigte Forscher↔Partner-Paare aus HU-FIS — Gold-Standard-Positive für das Matching.
DFG-Sachbeihilfe: Aufmerksamkeit und sensorische Integration im aktiven Sehen von bewegten Objekten
other
EXC 2002: Science of Intelligence (SCIoI)
university
EXC 2002: Science of Intelligence (SCIoI)
university
EXC 2002: Science of Intelligence (SCIoI)
other
Bestimmung pathophysiologischer Mechanismen psychotischer Störungen im okulomotorischen System
university
EU: How Action Preparation Shapes What We Perceive: Spatiotemporal Visual Processing in the Context of Goal-Directed Eye and Hand Movements (PremotorPerception)
university
EXC 2002/1: Control Models of Perceptual Stability in Active Observers (TP 23)
university
EXC 2002: Science of Intelligence (SCIoI)
university
Premotor visual perception in the fovea and foveola
university
Stammdaten
Identität, Organisation und Kontakt aus HU-FIS.
- Name
- Prof. Dr. phil. Martin Rolfs
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- Prof. Dr. phil.
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- Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät
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- Institut für Psychologie
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- Allgemeine Psychologie - Aktive Wahrnehmung und Kognition (S)
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