Prof. Dr. Philip van der Eijk
Profil
Forschungsthemen10
A Fresh Look Backwards: Scholarly Forgetting in the History of the Humanities
Quelle ↗Förderer: Volkswagen Stiftung Zeitraum: 01/2016 - 12/2018 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philip van der Eijk
Cluster Topoi II: Materialistische Theorien zum Leib-Seele-Verhältnis (D-2-2)
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG Exzellenzinitiative Cluster Zeitraum: 11/2012 - 10/2017 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philip van der Eijk
Galens Kommentar zu den hippokratischen Aphorismen
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG sonstige Programme Zeitraum: 10/2024 - 09/2027 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philip van der Eijk
GRK 1939/2: Philosophie, Wissenschaft und die Wissenschaften: Der Dialog zwischen Formen und Modellen des Wissens im antiken griechischen, römischen und arabischen Denken
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG Graduiertenkolleg Zeitraum: 04/2019 - 06/2024 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Jonathan Beere
GRK 1939: Philosophie, Wissenschaft und die Wissenschaften: Der Dialog zwischen Formen und Modellen des Wissens im antiken griechischen, römischen und arabischen Denken
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG Graduiertenkolleg Zeitraum: 10/2014 - 06/2024 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Jonathan Beere
Humboldt-Forschungsstipendium für erfahrene Forschende
Quelle ↗Förderer: Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung: Forschungskostenzuschuss Zeitraum: 01/2025 - 09/2025 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philip van der Eijk
LIVING GUTS. Physiologische Lehren, literarische Darstellungen und Symbolik des Verdauungssystems in der griechisch-römischen Welt und ihr Erbe
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG Eigene Stelle (Sachbeihilfe) Zeitraum: 05/2026 - 04/2029 Projektleitung: PD Dr. Chiara Thumiger, Prof. Dr. Philip van der Eijk
SFB 980/1: Der Transfer medizinischer Episteme in den ‚enzyklopädischen‘ Sammelwerken der Spätantike (TP A03)
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG Sonderforschungsbereich Zeitraum: 07/2012 - 07/2020 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philip van der Eijk
SFB 980/3: Der Transfer medizinischer Episteme in den ‚enzyklopädischen‘ Sammelwerken der Spätantike (TP A03)
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG Sonderforschungsbereich Zeitraum: 07/2020 - 06/2024 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Philip van der Eijk
Visions of the History of Greek Philosophy in Late Antiquity and in the Greek and Arabic Middle Ages
Quelle ↗Förderer: Volkswagen Stiftung Zeitraum: 03/2023 - 02/2028 Projektleitung: Dr. Anna Izdebska, Prof. Dr. Stefan Kipf, Prof. Dr. Philip van der Eijk
Mögliche Industrie-Partner10
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Publikationen25
Top 25 nach Zitationen — Quelle: OpenAlex (BAAI/bge-m3 embedded für Matching).
Cambridge University Press eBooks · 304 Zitationen · DOI
Galen of Pergamum (AD 129–c.216) was the most influential doctor of later antiquity, whose work was to influence medical theory and practice for more than fifteen hundred years. He was a prolific writer on anatomy, physiology, diagnosis and prognosis, pulse-doctrine, pharmacology, therapeutics, and the theory of medicine; but he also wrote extensively on philosophical topics, making original contributions to logic and the philosophy of science, and outlining a scientific epistemology which married a deep respect for empirical adequacy with a commitment to rigorous rational exposition and demonstration. He was also a vigorous polemicist, deeply involved in the doctrinal disputes among the medical schools of his day. This volume offers an introduction to and overview of Galen's achievement in all these fields, while seeking also to evaluate that achievement in the light of the advances made in Galen scholarship over the past thirty years.
Cambridge University Press eBooks · 223 Zitationen · DOI
This work brings together Philip van der Eijk's previously published essays on the close connections that existed between medicine and philosophy throughout antiquity. Medical authors such as the Hippocratic writers, Diocles, Galen, Soranus and Caelius Aurelianus elaborated on philosophical methods such as causal explanation, definition and division and applied key concepts such as the notion of nature to their understanding of the human body. Similarly, philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle were highly valued for their contributions to medicine. This interaction was particularly striking in the study of the human soul in its relation to the body, as illustrated by approaches to specific topics such as intellect, sleep and dreams, and diet and drugs. With a detailed introduction surveying the subject as a whole and an essay on Aristotle's treatment of sleep, this wide-ranging and accessible collection is essential reading for the student of ancient philosophy and science.
179 Zitationen · DOI
Looking at its subject from the standpoint of modern discourse analysis, this study deals with problems of style and grammar in Greek and Latin texts. Its aim is to shed light on the interaction between the mechanism of the Greek and Latin languages as interactive tools and the structure of the texts that have come down to us. The interpretive orientation offered differs from most literary studies in its taking linguistic observations as point of departure, and its considering grammar as a positive factor in the interpretive process. It differs from most linguistic studies in the field in demonstrating the importance of linguistic methodology for classical philology in general. The book contains studies of various authors, genres, and text types, preceded by an introductory essay on the role of grammar in philology.
DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · 113 Zitationen · DOI
Acknowledgements Note on translations Note on abbreviations Introduction Part I. Hippocratic Corpus and Diocles of Carystus: 1. The 'theology' of the Hippocratic treatise On the Sacred Disease 2. Diocles and the Hippocratic writings on the method of dietetics and the limits of causal explanation 3. To help, or to do no harm: principles and practices of therapeutics in the Hippocratic Corpus and in the work of Diocles of Carystus 4. The heart, the brain, the blood and the pneuma: Hippocrates, Diocles and Aristotle on the location of cognitive processes Part II. Aristotle and His School: 5. Aristotle on melancholy 6. Theoretical and empirical elements in Aristotle's treatment of sleep, dreams and divination in sleep 7. The matter of mind: Aristotle on the biology of 'psychic' processes and the bodily aspects of thinking 8. Divine movement and human nature in Eudemian Ethics 8.2 9. On sterility ('Hist. an. 10'), a medical work by Aristotle? Part III. Late Antiquity: 10. Galen's use of the concept of 'qualified experience' in his dietetic and pharmacological works 11. The Methodism of Caelius Aurelianus: some epistemological issues Bibliography Index of passages cited General index.
The Classical Quarterly · 106 Zitationen · DOI
Whether its title, ύπέρ τοῦ μ⋯ γεννᾶν is authentic or not, the work transmitted as ‘Book X’ of Aristotle's History of Animals (HA) deals with a wide range of possible causes for failure to conceive and generate offspring. It sets out by saying that these causes may lie in both partners or in either of them, but in the sequel the author devotes most of his attention to problems of the female body. Thus he discusses the state of the uterus, the occurrence and modalities of menstruation, the condition and position of the mouth of the uterus, the emission of fluid during sleep (when the woman dreams that she is having intercourse with a man), physical weakness or vigour on awakening after this nocturnal emission, the occurrence of flatulence in the uterus and the ability to discharge this, moistness or dryness of the uterus, wind-pregnancy, and spasms in the uterus. Then he briefly considers the possibility that the cause of infertility lies with the male, but this is disposed of in one sentence: if you want to find out whether the man is to blame, the author says, just let him have intercourse with another woman and see whether that produces a satisfactory result (636bl 1–13; see also 637b23–4). The writer also acknowledges that the problem may lie in a failure of two otherwise healthy partners to match sexually, or as he puts it, to ‘run at the same pace’ ἲσοδρομῆσαι during intercourse, but he does not go into this possibility at great length (636b 15–23), and he proceeds to discuss further particulars on the female side.
93 Zitationen · DOI
Nemesius
2008Liverpool University Press eBooks · 78 Zitationen · DOI
BRILL eBooks · 78 Zitationen
This collection of essays focuses on the ways in which Greek and Latin authors viewed and wrote about the history of medicine in the ancient world. Special attention is given to medical doxography, i.e. the description of the characteristic doctrines of the great medical authorities of the past. The volume examines the various attitudes to the history of medicine adopted by a wide range of ancient writers (e.g. Aristotle, Galen, Celsus, Herophilus, Soranus, Oribasius, Caelius Aurelianus). It discusses the historical sense of ancient medicine, the variety of versions of the medical past that were created and the wide range of purposes and strategies which medico-historical writing served. It also deals with the question of the sources, the role of historiographical traditions and the variety of literary genres of ancient medico-historical writing.
65 Zitationen · DOI
Diocles of Carystus (4th century BCE), also known as "the younger Hippocrates", was one of the most prominent medical authorities in antiquity. He wrote extensively on a wide range of areas such as anatomy, physiology, pathology, therapeutics, embryology, gynaecology, dietetics, foods and poisons. In his writings, he betrays strong philosophical influence, and his views present striking connections with the Hippocratic Corpus, Plato, Aristotle and Theophrastus. The study of Diocles' ideas has long been hampered by the absence of a reliable collection of the remaining evidence. This book presents and discusses all the fragments and testimonies to Diocles' views. The first volume presents the Greek, Latin and Arabic sources with facing English translation. The second volume (publication April 2001) provides a commentary on the fragments and places them in their intellectual context.
63 Zitationen · DOI
49 Zitationen · DOI
Building on the results of recent scholarship concerning the coherence of the Hippocratic work De victu ('On Regimen'), this chapter discusses the close connections between Book 4, which deals with the use of dreams for medical prognosis and especially prophylaxis (which the author claims to be his own innovation), with the rest of the work. It analyses the author's position on dreams and their interpretation and his stance against professional dream interpreters. It distinguishes five categories in the author's discussion: 1. the signs, i.e. the dream images themselves; 2. the significance of the dreams; 3. explanations of the relationship between sign and significance; 4. prophylactic (dietetic) measures to prevent disease; 5. instructions as to the gods one should pray to in order to prevent disease. It explores the rationale underlying these categories and lists a number of parallels with Babylonian dream literature. It concludes that although there are important differences with respect to the use of dreams in Babylonian medicine, it is not implausible that the author of De victu 4 has borrowed some of his material from Near Eastern dream books. At the same time, the author of De victu 4 distances himself from oneiromantic practices that are very similar to what we find in Babylonia; and his elaborate interpretative system linking specific dreams to specific bodily disorders goes far beyond anything found in Near Eastern sources (but also beyond anything else in the Corpus Hippocraticum). He does accept the existence of dreams sent by the gods and of prayer to the gods in combination with dietetic prophylaxis; but his elaborate use of dietetics for preventive purposes marks an important innovation when compared to Babylonian medicine. The author is not concerned with incubation.
Diocles and the Hippocratic writings on the method of dietetics and the limits of causal explanation
2005Cambridge University Press eBooks · 39 Zitationen · DOI
In antiquity Diocles of Carystus enjoyed the reputation of being a ‘younger Hippocrates’, or ‘second in fame and venerability to Hippocrates’. Yet this did not prevent him from developing his own ideas and from writing medical treatises in his own style in the Attic dialect. To be sure, later reports on his doctrines often represent him as being in perfect agreement with ‘Hippocrates’ on various subjects; but the fragments of his works that have been preserved, show that the authority of ‘the great Coan’ did not prevent him from taking issue with some ideas and practices that are similar to what is to be found in texts which we call Hippocratic. Of course we do not know whether Diocles, if he had actually read these works, took them to be by Hippocrates – in fact, if we accept Wesley Smith's suggestion that the Hippocratic Corpus was created by third-century Alexandrian philologists who brought together a number of anonymous medical works into one collection under the name of Hippocrates, we may wonder whether anything like Hippocratic authority already existed in Diocles' time (not to mention the fact that Diocles' date itself is the subject of another controversy). It is not even certain that Diocles had ever heard of Hippocrates or was familiar with any of his genuine works.
Medical Entomology and Zoology · 38 Zitationen
Diocles of Carystus (4th century BCE), also known as younger Hippocrates, was one of the most prominent medical authorities in antiquity. He wrote extensively on a wide range of areas such as anatomy, physiology, pathology, therapeutics, embryology, gynaecology, dietetics, foods and poisons. In his writings, he betrays strong philosophical influence, and his views present striking connections with the Hippocratic Corpus, Plato, Aristotle and Theophrastus. The study of Diocles' ideas has long been hampered by the absence of a reliable collection of the remaining evidence. This book presents and discusses all the fragments and testimonies to Diocles' views. Following on from the first volume, which presented the Greek, Latin and Arabic sources with facing English translation, the second volume provides a commentary on the fragments and places them in their intellectual context.
Therapeutics
2008Cambridge University Press eBooks · 33 Zitationen · DOI
For all Galen's many faces – medical scientist, public dissector and demonstrator, psychologist and moral philosopher, logician, linguist, commentator, lexicographer and literary critic, pharmacologist, historian of thought and story-teller – we should not forget that he regarded himself primarily as an iatros, a healer of patients and a restorer and preserver of health. Indeed, the principal job (ergon) or aim (skopos) of the medical art, he repeatedly says, is the treatment of disease and the preservation of health; and it is his primary responsibility as a doctor to carry out that job in an indefinite number of particular cases. For while most other areas of Galen's activity are of a theoretical nature and aimed at attaining knowledge and understanding of universal truths, healing is by definition a practical activity concerned with individual patients constituting particular cases of illness.
32 Zitationen · DOI
Abstract Aristotle’s remarks on the soul and its relationship to the body, perhaps more than those of any other ancient philosopher, continue to be welcomed as stimulating contributions to contemporary debate in the philosophy of mind and the cognitive sciences. Indeed, no modern reader with an interest in philosophical psychology will fail to be impressed by the high degree of conceptual sophistication Aristotle displays on such topics as perception, awareness, memory, dreaming, imagination, desire, thinking, and on the involvement of physical factors in all these processes, his work at times presenting striking similarities to some of the approaches taken in the modern debate.
31 Zitationen · DOI
This article studies the way in which Aristotle deals with the view-attributed by him to the 'distinguished physicians'-that dreams may be significant as clues for imminent diseases of the body of the dreamer. Aristotle is thinking of philosophically minded physicians (such as the author of De victu) who base their practice on principles derived from the study of nature in general and who take into account the constitution of the whole body. He accepts their view, but justifies it with his own theory of sleep and dreams; however, his attempt to incorporate the medical view into his own account brings him into conflict with his own presupposition that dreams are not actual perceptions, but experiences of the remnants of perceptions received during the waking state.
23 Zitationen · DOI
11 Zitationen · DOI
This collection of papers – some of which written by the world’s leading specialists in the area of ancient medicine – aims at promoting an integrated approach to medical theory and practice in classical antiquity. Questions of health and disease are considered in their relation to the social, intellectual, moral and religious dimensions of the ancient world. The papers focus on the socio-cultural setting of the experience of pain and illness, the different reactions they provoked and the importance that was attached to this experience in literature, religion and philosophy. The first volume offers articles (from an archaeological, historical and philological point of view) dealing with social, institutional and geographical aspects of medical practice. It also has a special section on medical views on women, children and sexuality, and on female medical activity. The second volume focuses on the ways in which religious and magical beliefs influenced the experience of, and the attitude towards, illness and medical practice. It also deals with the relations of medicine with philosophy, and the other sciences and with the variety of linguistic and textual forms in which medical knowledge was expressed and communicated. Contributors to the second volume are Darrel W. Amundsen, Angelos Chaniotis, Philip J. van der Eijk, Elsa García Novo, Burkhard Gladigow, Richard Gordon, Katerina Ierodiakonou, Alberto Jori, Karl-Heinz Leven, James Longrigg, Harm Pinkster, I. Rodríguez Alfageme, Ineke Sluiter, Heinrich von Staden, Gilles Susong, Teun Tieleman, and M. Vegetti.
Cambridge University Press eBooks · 9 Zitationen · DOI
Since this volume is concerned with the topic ‘Galen and the world of knowledge’, it may be proper to begin this paper with a thought experiment about the way in which Galen would position himself within his own ‘world of knowledge’ – and how he would construe the spectrum of different strands of this intellectual world emanating from the prism of his own ego. Let us imagine Galen being subjected to an interview of the type one hears so often nowadays on radio or television and being invited to give an assessment of the factors that have contributed most significantly to his own intellectual development and to his formation as a scientifically and philosophically trained healer. For someone with only a superficial knowledge of Galen's writings, this is not difficult to imagine, for Galen is only too eager, at numerous passages in his work, to indulge in self-presentation, self-analysis and self-glorification. Being asked which of the philosophical schools and medical traditions he would rank highest, there is no doubt that, in his reply, Galen would give pride of place to Hippocrates and Plato; he would mention his personal medical teachers Pelops, Satyrus, Marinus and Numisianus; he would include references to some of the Hellenistic physicians, most notably the Alexandrian anatomists; and he would probably mention Posidonius in favourable terms too (though he would be much more critical of the older Stoics). When asked by the interviewer: ‘And what about Aristotle and the Peripatetic school?
Cambridge University Press eBooks · 9 Zitationen · DOI
The author of the Hippocratic treatise On the Sacred Disease is renowned for his criticism of magical and superstitious conceptions and modes of treatment of epilepsy. He has been credited with attempting a 'natural' or 'rational' explanation of a disease which was generally believed to be of divine origin and to be curable only by means of apotropaeic ritual and other magical instruments. One interesting point is that he does not reject the divine character of the disease, but modifies the sense in which this disease (and, as a consequence of this conception, all diseases) may be regarded as divine: not in the sense that it is sent by a god, for example as a punishment, and is to be cured by this same god, but that it shares in the divine character of nature in showing a fixed pattern of cause and effect and in being subordinated to what may perhaps be called, somewhat anachronistically, a natural 'law' or regularity.
Éditions de la Sorbonne eBooks · 8 Zitationen · DOI
1. INTRODUCTION: ANCIENT PERCEPTIONS OF THE STATUS AND INTERNAL COHERENCE OF THE PARVA NATURALIA The reception of Aristotle’s Pam. nat. raises some intriguing issues that are illuminating for the ambivalent status of this series of texts and the topics they discuss. That ambivalence concerns their systematic position in Aristotle’s corpus as a whole, the ‘discipline’ or field of enquiry to which they belong and their corresponding methodology, as well as the question of the unity and coherenc...
8 Zitationen · DOI
Cambridge University Press eBooks · 7 Zitationen · DOI
In one of the first chapters of his systematic account of the treatment of acute and chronic diseases, the Latin medical author Caelius Aurelianus (fifth century ce) discusses phrenitis, a psychosomatic disorder with symptoms including acute fever, mental confusion, a weak and fast pulse and various forms of abnormal behaviour such as the picking of threads out of clothing. Caelius Aurelianus, himself belonging to the medical school called the Methodists, begins his argument, as usual, with a survey of the views on the nature and origin of this disease held by doctors belonging to other schools of thought, in particular their views on the question of which part of the body is affected by the disease. His main reason for doing so is to show the contrast between his own and only correct treatment of the disease and the general confusion among other doctors:
Cambridge University Press eBooks · 7 Zitationen · DOI
It is well known that Galen, in the epistemological debate (as he saw it) between the so-called Dogmatists and the Empiricists, adopted a position which might be defined both as an attempt at maintaining his cherished ideal of intellectual independence and as an endeavour to preserve the valuable insights that the different strands of tradition provided. The latter resulted in his conviction that medical knowledge is arrived at by means of rather special conjunction of, on the one hand, reason (logos), that is, a set of theoretical and logical concepts, definitions, axioms, arguments, and ideas referring both to observable and unobservable entities, and, on the other hand, experience (peira), that is, a more or less systematic collection of data derived from sense-perception. What makes his position more complicated is that according to Galen both reason and experience should be used or applied in a correct way, in a correct order, interrelation and/or proportion. This requirement may have different consequences for different areas within medical science. Moreover, it is precisely in this respect that Galen explicitly distances himself from the other medical schools, who, as he believes, either failed to take into account empirical data which would seem to him to be inconsistent with their theoretical assumptions, deductions, inferences or analogies, or who formulated unqualified generalising claims on the exclusive basis of empirical data.
7 Zitationen · DOI
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Galens Kommentar zu den hippokratischen Aphorismen
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SFB 980/3: Der Transfer medizinischer Episteme in den ‚enzyklopädischen‘ Sammelwerken der Spätantike (TP A03)
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GRK 1939/2: Philosophie, Wissenschaft und die Wissenschaften: Der Dialog zwischen Formen und Modellen des Wissens im antiken griechischen, römischen und arabischen Denken
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- Prof. Dr. Philip van der Eijk
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