Prof. Dr. Muriel Norde
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Forschungsthemen1
SFB 1412/1: Die Entstehung und Veränderung von Registern im Germanischen (TP B04)
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG Sonderforschungsbereich Zeitraum: 01/2020 - 12/2023 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Muriel Norde, Prof. Dr. phil. Karin Donhauser, PD Dr. Lars Zeige
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Publikationen25
Top 25 nach Zitationen — Quelle: OpenAlex (BAAI/bge-m3 embedded für Matching).
Oxford University Press eBooks · 463 Zitationen · DOI
This is a book about degrammaticalization, a rare type of linguistic change whereby grams become ‘less grammatical’, typical examples being shifts from affix to clitic, or from function word to lexical item. It discusses the alleged unidirectionality of semantic and morphosyntactic change, showing that change is in fact reversible on all levels. It also aims to classify degrammaticalization by examining primitive changes on several levels: semantics, pragmatics, morphology, syntax, and phonology. It is argued that there exist three separate types of degrammaticalization: degrammation, whereby a function word develops into a lexical item; deinflectionalization, whereby an inflectional affix becomes either derivational or enclitic, while gaining additional functions; and debonding, whereby a bound morpheme becomes a free morpheme, often without change on the semantic-functional level.
Language Sciences · 258 Zitationen · DOI
Studies in language companion series · 218 Zitationen · DOI
The term ‘degrammaticalization’, originally coined by Lehmann in 1982 for a supposedly non-existent phenomenon, soon came to be applied to a number of often entirely different changes. Since such ‘counterexamples’ pose a potential challenge to the unidirectionality of grammaticalization, they have been the focus of much attention from grammaticalizationists and grammaticalization critics alike. While the former have attempted to dismiss them as insignificant, the latter have tended to over-emphasize their relevance. Much of the debate on degrammaticalization is rooted in different understandings of what degrammaticalization entails, or what it should entail. This paper proposes a descriptive framework which will restrict the number of potential examples of degrammaticalization, while at the same time subdividing them into three clearly distinguishable subtypes.
Typological studies in language · 194 Zitationen · DOI
The basic idea behind this volume is to probe the nature of grammaticalization. Its contributions focus on the following questions: (i) In how far can grammaticalization be considered a universal diachronic process or mechanism of change and in how far is it conditioned by synchronic factors? (ii) What is the role of the speaker in grammaticalization? (iii) Does grammaticalization itself provide a cause for change or is it an epiphenomenon, i.e. a conglomeration of causal factors/mechanisms which elsewhere occur independently? (iv) If it is epiphenominal, how do we explain that similar pathways so often occur in known cases of grammaticalization? (v) Is grammaticalization unidirectional? (vi) What is the nature of the parameters guiding grammaticalization? The overall aim of the book is to enrich our understanding of what grammaticalization does or does not entail via detailed case studies in combination with theoretical and methodological discussions.
Language Sciences · 59 Zitationen · DOI
Nordic Journal of Linguistics · 58 Zitationen · DOI
Ever since its introduction by Christian Lehmann in 1982, the term ‘degrammaticalization’ has been the subject of much controversy. There has been considerable disagreement about what kind of phenomena the term refers to, and indeed if degrammaticalization exists at all. In this paper I will argue that degrammaticalization is not grammaticalization in reverse, but a separate kind of change worthy of study in its own right. The purpose of this paper will be to show how degrammaticalization changes are best identified, by using existing linguistic tests as diagnostics for establishing changes in the morphological status of certain degrammaticalization suspects, and for assessing the nature of the subchanges involved. One of the stock examples of degrammaticalization literature, i.e. the s -genitive in Swedish, will serve as a case study.
Exaptation
2016Amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science. Series 4, Current issues in linguistic theory · 55 Zitationen · DOI
Typological studies in language · 53 Zitationen · DOI
48 Zitationen
Studies in language companion series · 39 Zitationen · DOI
Grammaticalization, and especially degrammaticalization, are polysemous terms. The term ‘grammaticalization’ has been used to refer to changes from a lexical item to a grammatical item (‘primary grammaticalization’), and from a grammatical item to a ‘more grammatical’ item (‘secondary grammaticalization’). Likewise, the term ‘degrammaticalization’ may refer to changes from a grammatical item to a lexical item (‘primary degrammaticalization’), and from a ‘more grammatical’ to a ‘less grammatical’ item (‘secondary degrammaticalization’), as well as to a number of other types of changes. This paper discusses Lehmann’s parameters of grammaticalization as a taxonomic tool, arguing that the parameters can be used to describe both grammaticalization and degrammaticalization changes, as well as to identify different subtypes of grammaticalization and degrammaticalization, with special emphasis on degrammaticalization.
Constructional approaches to language · 36 Zitationen · DOI
Abstract Dutch derivational morphology is rich in intensifying prefixoids, i.e. morphemes that occur as independent lexemes but have an intensifying meaning when bound to adjectives or adverbs. A specific variant of these are diminutive prefixoid constructions such as bloedjeserieus (blood- dim -serious) ‘very serious’ or kletsjenat (splash- dim -wet) ‘very wet’. Unlike the regular derivational diminutive however, the diminutive morpheme lacks the ability to change category when added to a prefixoid, and its primary function is a pragmatic one of either emphasis or downtoning. In this paper, we will discuss the formal and semantic-pragmatic properties of the diminutive prefixoid construction, based on an empirical study into its synchronic distribution, as well as explore how prefixoid constructions may be organised in a constructional network.
Folia Linguistica · 36 Zitationen · DOI
Abstract It has long been recognized that many instances of change that have been discussed within the framework of grammaticalization studies notoriously defy categorization, for instance because they share properties of grammaticalization and lexicalization (Brinton & Traugott 2005), or because they share some properties of grammaticalization, but not all of them, as in the case of discourse markers (e.g. Ocampo 2006). In order to avoid these classification issues, we will argue that it is more useful to reduce grammaticalization and related changes to their “main mechanisms” (formal reanalysis and semantic reinterpretation), “primitive changes” (micro-changes on the levels of phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and/or discourse), and “side effects” (e.g. obligatorification or layering). In grammaticalization and related changes, formal reanalysis and semantic reinterpretation tend to coincide with different sets of primitive changes. Primitive changes will be defined as ternary parameters with the values reduction, expansion, or zero, and it will be seen that they tend to cluster in different ways. Some of these clusters may coincide with changes traditionally labeled “grammaticalization”, “degrammaticalization”, or “lexicalization”, but changes may also cluster in alternative ways. This novel approach to composite changes we term the “clustering approach”, and we aim to show that this model of analysis allows for a more fine-grained account of composite changes than definition-based taxonomies.
Multilingua · 36 Zitationen · DOI
The impact of Low German on the continental Scandinavian languages (Danish, Swedish and Norwegian) in the days of the Hanseatic League has been a decisive chapter in Scandinavian language history. Not only were a substantial amount of words transferred from Middle Low German into Middle Scandinavian, it has also been argued that Middle Low German influence played an important part in the loss of inflectional morphology (deflexion 1 ) in most varieties of the continental Scandinavian languages, although this aspect remains somewhat underexposed in the extensive literature on language contact between Middle Low German and Middle Scandinavian . The strongest argument in favour of this claim is that the decline of the old native inflectional systems reached its most advanced stage in precisely those areas where Middle Low German impact was at its strongest, whereas more peripheral languages and dialects, such as Icelandic or certain Swedish rural dialects are more conservative. However, it still remains unclear in what way contact with Middle Low German affected Scandinavian morphology. In the present study I will examine some of the hypotheses that have been put forward with regard to the relationship between language contact and morphological simplification. 2 I will approach this problem from two, rather different, angles. First, I will discuss the hypothesis that long term contact between closely related languages (such as Middle Low German and Middle Scandinavian or Old English and Old Norse), which to a degree are mutually intelligible, leads to a rapid neutralisation of inflectional differences. The second viewpoint I will consider concerns the relation between the vast amount of loan-words and morphological simplification (cf. Norde 1994). I will take the Middle Low German influence on Middle Swedish as an example.
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) · 33 Zitationen
Oxford University Press eBooks · 26 Zitationen · DOI
Abstract This article focuses on the status of degrammaticalisation in grammaticalisation studies. It describes the main similarities and differences between grammaticalisation and degrammaticalisation and outlines a typology of degrammaticalisation changes. It argues that there are three basic types of degrammaticalisation, which include degrammation, deinflectionalisation, and debonding. It contends that degrammaticalisation is a composite change whereby a gram in a specific context gains in autonomy or substance on more than one linguistic level.
UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) · 25 Zitationen
Amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science. Series 4, Current issues in linguistic theory · 21 Zitationen · DOI
In this paper, we explore how the process of exaptation can be modelled within a constructional framework of morphology. Assuming that constructions (of varying levels of schematicity and complexity) are organized in constructional networks, we consider issues related to ‘obsolescence’ and ‘novelty’ using a model of morphology that draws on the work of Booij (2010). We present various case studies of linguistic changes in a number of Germanic languages (in both their standard and non-standard varieties), exploring in each case the extent to which the changes constitute cases of exaptation. For each case study, we also consider how these changes can be understood within a constructional approach to language. Our focus is on constructional morphology, though some changes involve neoanalyses of larger (syntactic) structures. The discussion also makes reference to issues in diachronic construction grammar, particularly the notion of constructional change as outlined by Traugott & Trousdale (2013).
Lingvisticae Investigationes · 20 Zitationen · DOI
In this paper, we present a contrastive survey of a morpheme originally meaning ‘giant’ in German and Swedish. In both languages, this morpheme has developed into a prefixoid with simile or intensifying meaning. More recently, these prefixoids have been shown to occur as free morphemes as well, and it is the purpose of this paper to explore whether a quantitative analysis of synchronic corpus data can be used to determine whether the free forms are spelling variants, or whether they are truly new constructions that are the result of debonding. Drawing data from the COW corpus of contemporary web text, we compare bound and free forms on the levels of R1 collocations, semantic bleaching, and productivity. Our analysis suggests that the German prefixoid has undergone debonding, whereas the Swedish free forms are mere spelling variants.
WORD Structure · 19 Zitationen · DOI
Libfixes are parts of words that share properties with both blends, compounds and affixes. They are deliberate formations, often with a jocular character, e.g. nerdalicious ‘delicious for nerds’, or scientainment ‘scientific entertainment’. These are not one-off formations – some libfixes have become very productive, as evidenced by high type frequency in a single corpus. Libfix constructions are particularly interesting for a network analysis for three reasons: they do not always have discrete morpheme boundaries, they feature a wide variety of bases (including phrases, as in give-me-a-break-o-meter), and they may be the source of back formations such as infotain. In this paper, we present a corpus-based analysis of eight English libfixes (cracy, fection, flation, gasm, licious, (o-)meter, tainment, and tastic), detailing their formal and semantic properties, as well as their differences and similarities. We argue that libfixes are most fruitfully analysed in a Bybeean network model, in which nodes are connected on the basis of phonological similarity, which allows for both fully compositional and non-compositional constructions to be linked without an exhaustive analysis into morphemes.
Debonding and Clipping of Prefixoids in Germanic: Constructionalization or Constructional Change?
2018Studies in morphology · 19 Zitationen · DOI
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) · 18 Zitationen
Nederlandse taalkunde · 12 Zitationen · DOI
Abstract Emancipation of affixes and affixoids: degrammaticalization or lexicalization? Dutch is particularly rich in derivational morphology. It features a range of productive affixes and affixoids (morphemes which have a specialized meaning when used in compounds). In this paper we review different processes of emancipation ( debonding ) of both affixes and affixoids. Using a predefined set of criteria, based in part on Lehmann’s parameters of grammaticalization , we outline morphological, syntactic and semantic characteristics of different affixes and affixoids that have undergone varying degrees of emancipation. The analysis shows that these parameters may be set differently in different morphological constructions, and also that they interact with one another in intricate ways. Some bound morphemes can only take scope over a phrase, whereas others come to be used as a free morpheme, which implies morphosyntactic changes as well as a change in semantics, e.g. hyperonymy or specialization. From the qualitative analysis based on our criteria it emerges that debonding of derivational affixes and affixoids is neither degrammaticalization nor lexicalization, but rather a process sui generis .
12 Zitationen · DOI
Introduction
2004Typological studies in language · 12 Zitationen · DOI
Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory · 11 Zitationen · DOI
Abstract Dutch features several morphemes with “privative” semantics that occur as left-hand members in compounds (e.g., imitatieleer ‘imitation leather’, kunstgras ‘artificial grass’, nepjuwelen ‘fake jewels’). Some of these “fake” morphemes display great categorical flexibility and innovative adjectival uses. Nep , for instance, is synchronically attested as an inflected adjective (e.g., neppe cupcake ‘fake cupcake’). In this paper, we combine an extensive corpus study of eight Dutch “fake” morphemes with statistical methods in distributional semantics and collexeme analysis in order to compare their semantic and morphological properties and to find out which factors are the driving forces behind their exceptional “extravagant” morphological behavior. Our analyses show that debonding and adjectival reanalysis are triggered by an interplay of two factors, i.e., type frequency and semantic coherence, which allow us to range the eight morphemes on a cline from more schematic to more substantive “fake” constructions.
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Stammdaten
Identität, Organisation und Kontakt aus HU-FIS.
- Name
- Prof. Dr. Muriel Norde
- Titel
- Prof. Dr.
- Fakultät
- Sprach- und literaturwissenschaftliche Fakultät
- Institut
- Nordeuropa-Institut
- Arbeitsgruppe
- Skandinavistische Linguistik
- Telefon
- +49 30 2093-85172
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- 26.4.2026, 01:09:55