Dr. rer. nat. Susanne von Bargen

Profil

• Functional Genomics of Cherry Leaf Roll Virus (CLRV) and Molecular Analyses of Finnish Virus Variants

  Quelle ↗

  Förderer: DFG Sachbeihilfe Zeitraum: 11/2011 - 05/2016 Projektleitung: Dr. rer. nat. Susanne von Bargen, Prof. Dr. agr. Carmen Büttner

• Isogen GmbH & Co KG

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• Teknologian tutkimuskeskus

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• Asociación Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Nanociencia – CIC nanoGUNE

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• Finnish National Agency for Education

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• Interactions between the tomato spotted wilt virus movement protein and plant proteins showing homologies to myosin, kinesin and DnaJ-like chaperones

  2001

  Plant Physiology and Biochemistry · 80 Zitationen · DOI

• Characterisation of a novel Emaravirus identified in mosaic‐diseased Eurasian aspen (<scp><i>Populus tremula</i></scp>)

  2020

  Annals of Applied Biology · 39 Zitationen · DOI

  Abstract Since Emaraviruses have been discovered in 2007 several new species were detected in a range of host plants. Five genome segments of a novel Emaravirus from mosaic‐diseased Eurasian aspen ( Populus tremula ) have been completely determined. The monocistronic, segmented ssRNA genome of the virus shows a genome organisation typical for Emaraviruses encoding the viral RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP, 268.2 kDa) on RNA1 (7.1 kb), a glycoprotein precursor (GPP, 73.5 kDa) on RNA2 (2.3 kb), the viral nucleocapsid protein (N, 35.6 kDa) on RNA3 (1.6 kb), and a putative movement protein (MP, 41.0 kDa) on RNA4 (1.6 kb). The fifth identified genome segment (RNA5, 1.3 kb) encodes a protein of unknown function (P28, 28.1 kDa). We discovered that it is distantly related to proteins encoded by Emaraviruses, such as P4 of European mountain ash ringspot‐associated virus. All proteins from this group contain a central hydrophobic region with a conserved secondary structure and a hydrophobic amino acid stretch, bordered by two highly conserved positions, thus clearly representing a new group of homologues of Emaraviruses. The virus identified in Eurasian aspen is closely associated with observed leaf symptoms, such as mottle, yellow blotching, variegation and chloroses along veins. All five viral RNAs were regularly detectable by RT‐PCR in mosaic‐diseased P . tremula in Norway, Finland and Sweden (Fennoscandia). Observed symptoms and testing of mosaic‐diseased Eurasian aspen by virus‐specific RT‐PCR targeting RNA3 and RNA4 confirmed a wide geographic distribution of the virus in Fennoscandia. We could demonstrate that the mosaic‐disease is graft‐transmissible and confirmed that the virus is the causal agent by detection in symptomatic, graft‐inoculated seedlings used as rootstocks as well as in the virus‐infected scions used for graft‐inoculation. Owing to these characteristics, the virus represents a novel species within the genus Emaravirus and was tentatively denominated aspen mosaic‐associated virus.

• <i>Fusarium</i>Species Colonizing Spears and Forming Mycotoxins in Field Samples of Asparagus from Germany and Poland

  2006

  Journal of Phytopathology · 34 Zitationen · DOI

  Abstract The occurrence of Fusarium spp. and associated mycotoxins in asparagus spears was evaluated in Poland in 2002 and 2003 and in Germany in 2002. Spears of two cultivars, Eposs and Gijnlim, were collected from two locations in Poland, Swidwowiec and Poznan, on sandy and sandy loam soil, respectively. Fusarium oxysporum and F. proliferatum were detected at an average incidence of 38.3% and 15.8% in the spear sections sampled, respectively. In stands of 11 (tested) cultivars of asparagus sampled in Germany on sandy soil, the same species dominated, however, they were less frequent than in Poland (26.6% and 5.6% of the spears infected with F. oxysporum and F. proliferatum , respectively). Chemical analyses revealed that fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ) and moniliformin (MON) were present in some of the spears sampled in Poland. FB 1 was not found and MON was not assessed in spears sampled in Germany in 2002, but F. proliferatum was able to form the toxin in vitro in the range from 101.4 up to 205.8 μ g/kg maize kernel substrate. Asparagus samples in Poland contained FB 1 at up to 5.6 μ g/kg spear fresh weight. The highest MON concentration (1350 μ g/kg) was detected in cultivar Eposs in Marcelin, Poland, in 2002. MON and FB 1 were found in spears infected by both F. oxysporum and F. proliferatum , however, only the latter fungus was able to synthesize both toxins.

• Determination of the complete genome sequence of European mountain ash ringspot-associated emaravirus from Sorbus intermedia reveals two additional genome segments

  2019

  Archives of Virology · 32 Zitationen · DOI

• Genetic Variability of Phytopathogenic <i>Fusarium proliferatum</i> Associated with Crown Rot in <i>Asparagus officinalis</i>

  2009

  Journal of Phytopathology · 32 Zitationen · DOI

  Abstract Fusarium proliferatum (teleomorph: Gibberella intermedia ) is a causal agent of crown rot of Asparagus officinalis and is one potential fumonisin‐producing species within the genus Fusarium . It colonizes roots and crowns of asparagus plants, but could also be isolated from symptomless asparagus spears. Fusarium proliferatum isolates obtained from perennial asparagus plantings from Austria and Germany were included in a study on detectability and variability of two essential genes of the fumonisin‐gene cluster. Genetic fingerprinting of 45 isolates revealed 14 different fingerprint groups, indicating genetic heterogenicity of F. proliferatum . Most isolates differentiated into three main fingerprint clusters, but no association was found between fingerprint group and origin of the isolates. By gene‐specific PCR it was shown that, in 25 isolates tested, both initial genes of the fumonisin biosynthetic pathway – FUM1 , encoding a polyketide synthase and FUM8 , a gene for a putative aminoacyl transferase – were detectable. This suggests that these isolates were able to produce fumonisins and could contribute to the detected contamination in originating asparagus spears with this mycotoxin. Thus, early detection of FUM ‐genes in F. proliferatum ‐colonized asparagus may be suited to prevent uptake of fumonisin contaminated food with the human diet. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR‐RFLP) of the amplified FUM gene fragments revealed little sequence variability, suggesting a conserved structure of these genes within this species. However, sequence analysis confirmed intraspecific nucleotide polymorphisms of these genes.

• Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals a Novel Emaravirus in Diseased Maple Trees From a German Urban Forest

  2021

  Frontiers in Microbiology · 27 Zitationen · DOI

  While the focus of plant virology has been mainly on horticultural and field crops as well as fruit trees, little information is available on viruses that infect forest trees. Utilization of next-generation sequencing (NGS) methodologies has revealed a significant number of viruses in forest trees and urban parks. In the present study, the full-length genome of a novel <i>Emaravirus</i> has been identified and characterized from sycamore maple (<i>Acer pseudoplatanus</i>) - a tree species of significant importance in urban and forest areas - showing leaf mottle symptoms. RNA-Seq was performed on the Illumina HiSeq2500 system using RNA preparations from a symptomatic and a symptomless maple tree. The sequence assembly and analysis revealed the presence of six genomic RNA segments in the symptomatic sample (RNA1: 7,074 nt-long encoding the viral replicase; RNA2: 2,289 nt-long encoding the glycoprotein precursor; RNA3: 1,525 nt-long encoding the nucleocapsid protein; RNA4: 1,533 nt-long encoding the putative movement protein; RNA5: 1,825 nt-long encoding a hypothetical protein P5; RNA6: 1,179 nt-long encoding a hypothetical protein P6). Two independent NGS sequencing runs from the same symptomatic maple tree detected the same genome segments. For one of these sequencing runs the cDNA library was prepared using a primer targeting the conserved genome terminal region, known to be shared between emaraviruses genome segments. We suggest, therefore, that the six identified genome segments represent the complete genome of a novel emaravirus from maple, which we tentatively name maple mottle-associated virus (MaMaV). Phylogenetic and sequence homology analyses place this virus on the distinct "subgroup a" clade within the <i>Emaravirus</i> genus along with - among others - rose rosette virus, <i>Actinidia</i> emaravirus 2, and fig mosaic virus. Validation RT-PCR assays performed on symptomatic and non-symptomatic trees suggest that MaMaV may be the symptom-inducing virus in the diseased trees. To our knowledge, this is the first time an <i>Emaravirus</i> is described from maple and is fully genetically characterized. With the discovery of MaMaV, the genus <i>Emaravirus</i> comprising negative-sense single-stranded viruses with very divergent genomes - that were until recently overlooked - has substantially increased counting 22 established and putative members.

• Unravelling the virome in birch: RNA-Seq reveals a complex of known and novel viruses

  2020

  PLoS ONE · 22 Zitationen · DOI

  To unravel the virome in birch trees of German and Finnish origin exhibiting symptoms of birch leaf-roll disease (BRLD), high-throughput sequencing (HTS) was employed. In total five viruses, among which three were so far unknown, were detected by RNAseq. One to five virus variants were identified in the transcriptome of individual trees. The novel viruses were genetically-fully or partially-characterized, belonging to the genera Carlavirus, Idaeovirus and Capillovirus and are tentatively named birch carlavirus, birch idaeovirus, and birch capillovirus, respectively. The recently discovered birch leafroll-associated virus was systematically detected by HTS in symptomatic seedlings but not in symptomless ones. The new carlavirus was detected only in one of the three symptomatic seedlings. The novel putative Capillovirus was detected in all seedlings-irrespective of their BLRD status-while the Idaeovirus was identified in a plant without leaf symptoms at the time of sampling. Further efforts are needed to complete Koch's postulates and to clarify the possible association of the detected viruses with the BLR disease. Our study elucidates the viral population in single birch seedlings and provides a comprehensive overview for the diversities of the viral communities they harbor, to date.

• Cherry leaf roll virus – an emerging virus in Finland?

  2009

  Silva Fennica · 22 Zitationen · DOI

  <ja:p>Cherry leaf roll virus, CLRV, is a plant pathogen that infects a variety of deciduous trees and shrubs in temperate regions. Little is known about its occurrence at high latitudes and especially in Finnish birch species. Still, symptoms that seemed to be associated with CLRV such as vein banding, leaf roll and decline have been observed in birch trees throughout the country since the summer of 2002. Six different birch species, subspecies or varieties, i.e. Betula pubescens subsp. pubescens (downy birch), B. pendula (silver birch), B. nana (dwarf birch), B. pubescens var. appressa (Kiilopää birch), B. pubescens subsp. czerepanovii (mountain birch) and B. pendula var. carelica (curly birch) originating from all over Finland were assessed by immunocapture-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (IC-RT-PCR) for CLRV infection. It was shown that CLRV is widely distributed in B. pendula and B. pubescens throughout the country. Furthermore, dwarf birch, mountain birch, Kiilopää birch and curly birch were confirmed to be previously unkown hosts of CLRV. Genetic analysis of virus sequence variants originating from Finnish birch trees revealed atypical phylogenetic relationships. In contrast to CLRV isolates from birches growing in the United Kingdom and Germany which clustered exclusively within group A, Finnish CLRV isolates belonged either to group B, D or E. Thus, virus population structure in Finnish birches seems to be more variable and host plant dependency seems not to apply for Finnish CLRV isolates.</ja:p>

• Characterization of a Novel Emaravirus Affecting Ash Species (Fraxinus spp.) in Europe

  2021

  Forests · 21 Zitationen · DOI

  We identified a novel virus in diseased European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and manna ash (F. ornus) trees exhibiting chlorotic ringspots, mottle and leaf deformation such as curling and shoestring symptoms. High-throughput sequencing (HTS, Illumina RNASeq) of total RNA isolated from diseased leaf material in combination with RT-PCR-based amplification techniques and Sanger sequencing determined five complete genome segments, each encoding a single open reading frame. Sequence analyses of RNA1–RNA5 revealed a genome organization typical for emaraviruses, i.e., (i) conserved and complementary terminal 5′ and 3′ termini of each genome segment (ii) proteins showing significant homologies to the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) encoded by RNA1, the glycoprotein precursor (GPP) encoded by RNA2, the viral nucleocapsid protein (N, RNA3), the movement protein (MP, RNA4), and a protein of 26 kDA (P26, RNA5) highly similar to proteins of unknown function encoded by other emaraviruses. Furthermore, we identified spherical particles (double-membrane bodies, DMB) of different sizes (70–80 nm in diameter) which are typical for emaraviruses exclusively in virus-infected leaf tissue exhibiting mottle and leaf deformation. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the identified novel virus as a new member of the genus Emaravirus. We established a species-specific RT-PCR detection protocol and could associate the observed disease symptoms with the infection of the novel emaravirus in F. excelsior and F. ornus. Therefore, we propose the name ash shoestring-associated emaravirus (ASaV). Investigation of ASaV-infected sample trees originating from different locations in Switzerland, Germany, Italy and Sweden provided a wide geographical distribution of the virus in affected ash species. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmation of an emaravirus affecting ash tree species with shoestring symptoms of leaves in Europe.

• Zucchini yellow mosaic virus — incidence and sources of virus infection in field-grown cucumbers and pumpkins in the Spreewald, Germany

  2006

  Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection · 20 Zitationen · DOI

• Complete nucleotide sequence of Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV), a subgroup C nepovirus

  2011

  Virus Research · 19 Zitationen · DOI

• Genetic Variability and Phylogeny of European mountain ash ringspot-associated virus RNA3 and RNA4

  2015

  Forests · 15 Zitationen · DOI

  The European mountain ash ringspot-associated virus (EMARaV) is a multipartite RNA virus of negative polarity. It infects Sorbus aucuparia (common name—rowan) trees throughout their whole distribution area in North and Central Europe. It causes mottling, chlorotic ringspots and decline of the whole plant. Infected rowans are serious virus sources for rowans and other potential hosts. EMARaV incidence and population structure was investigated in Germany, Finland, Sweden, Scotland, and Norway. Overall, EMARaV variants from 42 rowan trees distributed in 20 different locations were studied with regard to the genetic variability of the p3- and p4-coding genome region, as well as the 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTR) of RNA3. In six of the 42 analyzed samples we found much higher sequence diversities than previously reported at the amino acid level in RNA3 encoded p3 protein sequences as well as at the nucleotide level on the 5′ and 3′ UTR. The other 36 EMARaV variants confirmed the assumed conservation of the nucleocapsid protein coding region. In contrast, the p4-coding genome region showed a high conservation of both nucleotide and amino acid sequences. Both EMARaV proteins were under strong purifying selection pressure, probably acting to maintain the functional integrity of the p3 and p4 proteins.

• High genetic diversity at the inter-/intra-host level of<i>Cherry leaf roll virus</i>population associated with the birch leaf-roll disease in Fennoscandia

  2016

  Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research · 14 Zitationen · DOI

  A viral epidemic associated with the Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) has emerged in Betula species in Fennoscandia, exhibiting quick and effective spread during the last 15 years. A population genetics approach is chosen in order to characterise the virus diversity and the sources of genetic variation aiming to investigate the epidemiology of the pathogen. In a CLRV population from Rovaniemi urban parks and a population that occurred after infecting young Betula seedlings with scions from the original Finnish trees, the genetic diversity is found to be remarkably high, mixed infections by CLRV variants from different phylogenetic groups are detected in single trees, while recombination is evidenced to occur. The estimated genetic variability is high and the CLRV haplotypes detected exhibit clear clustering and belong to different phylogenetic groups. The structure of the viral population reveals a pathogen with high evolutionary potential assumed to carry on its effective spread.

• A model system for plant-virus interaction—infectivity and seed transmission of Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) in Arabidopsis thaliana

  2009

  European Journal of Plant Pathology · 14 Zitationen · DOI

• Betula pendula trees infected by birch idaeovirus and cherry leaf roll virus: Impacts of urbanisation and NO2 levels

  2023

  Environmental Pollution · 13 Zitationen · DOI

  Viruses are frequently a microbial biocontaminant of healthy plants. The occurrence of the infection can be also due to environmental stress, like urbanisation, air pollution and increased air temperature, especially under the ongoing climate change. The aim of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis that worsened air quality and fewer green areas may favour the higher frequency of common viral infections, particularly in a common tree in temperate and continental climates, Betula pendula ROTH. We examined 18 trees, during the years 2015-2017, the same always for each year, in the region of Augsburg, Germany. By specific PCR, the frequency of two viruses, Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV, genus Nepovirus, family Secoviridae), which is frequent in birch trees, and a novel virus tentatively named birch idaeovirus (BIV), which has been only recently described, were determined in pollen samples. The occurrence of the viruses was examined against the variables of urban index, air pollution (O₃ and NO₂), air temperature, and tree morphometrics (trunk perimeter, tree height, crown height and diameter). Generalized Non-linear models (binomial logit with backward stepwise removal of independent variables) were employed. During the study period, both CLRV and BIV were distributed widely throughout the investigated birch individuals. CLRV seemed to be rather cosmopolitan and was present independent of any abiotic factor. BIV's occurrence was mostly determined by higher values of the urban index and of NO₂. Urban birch trees, located next to high-traffic roads with higher NO₂ levels, are more likely to be infected by BIV. Increased environmental stress may lead to more plant viral infections. Here we suggest that this is particularly true for urban spaces, near high-traffic roads, where plants may be more stressed, and we recommend taking mitigation measures for controlling negative human interventions.

• Sequences of Tobacco Rattle Viruses from Potato

  2000

  Journal of Phytopathology · 13 Zitationen · DOI

  The RNA2 of the tobacco rattle virus (TRV) isolate ‘Rostock’ (TRV‐R), and the coat protein gene (CP) of TRV isolate ‘Mirow’ (TRV‐M) were sequenced. Both were isolated from potato. Sequence analysis revealed a 5′ noncoding‐region (NCR) and a CP gene, which are among the shortest of any tobravirus RNA2 sequenced so far. Downstream of the CP open reading frame (ORF) there was an ORF for a 8 k protein, that is probably a truncated 9 k protein, followed by an ORF for a 16 k protein and the 3′ NCR. The 16 k protein and the 3′ NCR showed a considerable sequence identity with the 3′ end of TRV RNA1 and RNA2 from other TRV isolates. The high identity in the amino acid sequences of the CPs from TRV‐R and TRV‐M as well as other TRV isolates suggested that they are related to the TCM group of the genus Tobravirus and belong serologically to the RQ‐serotype. This could be confirmed using a rabbit antiserum that was prepared against recombinant TRV‐R CP expressed in bacteria. This serum was found to be suitable for differentiation of TRV‐isolates.

• ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Fimoviridae 2024

  2024

  Journal of General Virology · 12 Zitationen · DOI

  Members of the family <i>Fimoviridae</i> are plant viruses with a multipartite negative-sense enveloped RNA genome (-ssRNA), composed of 4-10 segments comprising 12.3-18.5 kb in total, within quasi-spherical virions. Fimoviruses are transmitted to plants by eriophyid mites and induce characteristic cytopathologies in their host plants, including double membrane-bound bodies in the cytoplasm of virus-infected cells. Most fimoviruses infect dicotyledonous plants, and many cause serious disease epidemics. This is a summary of the ICTV Report on the family <i>Fimoviridae</i>, which is available at ictv.global/report/fimoviridae.

• Differentiation of Cherry leaf roll virus isolates from various host plants by immunocapture-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism according to phylogenetic relations

  2009

  Journal of Virological Methods · 12 Zitationen · DOI

• First report of <i>European mountain ash ringspot‐associated virus</i> in serviceberry (<i>Amelanchier</i> spp.) in Germany

  2018

  New Disease Reports · 11 Zitationen · DOI

  Chlorotic ringspots and line pattern have been observed in different species of serviceberry (Amelanchier spp.), for instance in the Netherlands since 1957 (Cooper, 1). Being tolerant against various abiotic stresses these shrubs are often used in urban green space and also have decorative flowers, berries and a red leaf colouration in the autumn. Serviceberry shrubs cultivated in public or private urban areas in the cities of Oldenburg (Lower Saxony) and Berlin, Germany exhibiting chlorotic ringspots, mottle and line patterns on the leaves were sampled (Fig. 1, Table 1). The disease resembled characteristic symptoms caused by European mountain ash ringspot-associated virus (EMARaV) in serviceberry (Grimová et al., 4). To confirm the presence of the virus in these samples, total RNA was extracted and tested by RT-PCR using a genus-specific primer set to detect RNA1 (Elbeaino et al., 3) and EMARaV-specific primers targeting RNA2, RNA3 (Mielke & Mühlbach, 5) and RNA4 (Roßbach et al., 6). All four RNAs of EMARaV were detectable in each of the four serviceberries exhibiting symptoms (Fig. 2) and this was confirmed by sequencing of the PCR products. Complete viral genome segments were amplified by RT-PCR from sample E55282 using primers targeting the conserved terminal regions of emaraviruses (Di Bello et al., 2). PCR products were cloned and sequenced confirming the complete RNA3 (1.6 kb, GenBank Accession No. LT992915) and RNA4 (1.3 kb, LT992916) of EMARaV. Sequence comparison with respective reference sequences from GenBank and generation of a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree using complete sequences of the nucleocapsid protein encoded by RNA3 of emaraviruses (Fig. 3) confirmed the virus as EMARaV with a maximum of 99.6 % (RNA3) and 99.1 % (RNA4) identity at the protein level. This is the first record of EMARaV affecting serviceberry and causing chlorotic ringspots, mottling and line patterns in Germany. The virus has previously been confirmed to be widespread in Sorbus aucuparia in Germany (Roßbach et al., 6). The disease identified in Germany shares characteristic symptoms reported from EMARaV-infected serviceberry in the Czech Republic (Grimová et al., 4). It has been demonstrated that the causal agent is graft transmissible within species of the Rosaceae family including serviceberry and rowan (Cooper, 1; Grimová et al., 4). How the diseased serviceberries acquired the virus in independent locations in Germany is unknown as modes of transmission other than grafting are not well documented for EMARaV. We thank Dr. T. Brand (LWK Niedersachsen) and Kira Köpke for collection of samples and the German Research Foundation for financial support (DFG-no: BU890/27-1).

• Detection and genetic variability of <i><scp>E</scp>uropean mountain ash ringspot‐associated virus</i> (<scp>EMAR</scp>a<scp>V</scp>) in <scp>S</scp>weden

  2013

  Forest Pathology · 11 Zitationen · DOI

  Summary European mountain ash ringspot‐associated virus ( EMAR a V ) is a plant virus inducing characteristic ringspots and mottling in S orbus aucuparia L . For the first time, EMAR a V was detected in mountain ash in S weden. All four genomic segments of the virus were detectable by RT ‐ PCR after total RNA extraction from leaves showing chlorotic ringspots, mottling or necrotic lesions. The samples originated from southern and northern S weden. Sequence analyses of amplified fragments revealed low genetic variability of the virus at nucleotide as well as protein level. All investigated coding regions of EMAR a V were under strong purifying selection pressure.

• Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) infection of Physcomitrella patens gametophores

  2003

  Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) · 9 Zitationen · DOI

• Pollen production of downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) along an altitudinal gradient in the European Alps

  2023

  International Journal of Biometeorology · 8 Zitationen · DOI

  High-altitude environments are highly susceptible to the effects of climate change. Thus, it is crucial to examine and understand the behaviour of specific plant traits along altitudinal gradients, which offer a real-life laboratory for analysing future impacts of climate change. The available information on how pollen production varies at different altitudes in mountainous areas is limited. In this study, we investigated pollen production of 17 birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) individuals along an altitudinal gradient in the European Alps. We sampled catkins at nine locations in the years 2020-2021 and monitored air temperatures. We investigated how birch pollen, flowers and inflorescences are produced in relation to thermal factors at various elevations. We found that mean pollen production of Betula pubescens Ehrh. varied between 0.4 and 8.3 million pollen grains per catkin. We did not observe any significant relationships between the studied reproductive metrics and altitude. However, minimum temperature of the previous summer was found to be significantly correlated to pollen (r_s = 0.504, p = 0.039), flower (r_s = 0.613, p = 0.009) and catkin (r_s = 0.642, p = 0.005) production per volume unit of crown. Therefore, we suggest that temperature variability even at such small scales is very important for studying the response related to pollen production.

• High genetic variation in a small population of <i>Cherry leaf roll virus</i> in <i>Betula</i> sp. of montane origin in Corsica

  2016

  Forest Pathology · 8 Zitationen · DOI

  Summary Cherry leaf roll virus ( CLRV ) infection is common in Betula pendula and B. pubescens in Middle and North Europe, easily observable by chlorotic leaf vein banding, mottling and leaf roll, partially adherent with progressive loss of vitality or death of twigs and branches. In Fennoscandia, a severe viral epidemic in various birch species in forest stands, public greens and roadsides is associated with CLRV . In Corsica, CLRV ‐typical symptoms were observed on birch trees ( Betula sp.) in a montane stand (1470 m) at Col de Vergio. CLRV was detected by RT ‐nested PCR in all leaf samples from 11 randomly selected birch trees exhibiting characteristic symptoms. Along with the fact that this is the first report of CLRV in Betula sp. of both montane and Mediterranean origins, remarkably high genetic variation and a new distinct phylogenetic cluster are comprised by a small randomly sampled CLRV population that has evolved in one of the few scattered birch stands in Corsica.

• Continental-scale evaluation of downy birch pollen production: Estimating the impacts of global change

  2024

  Environmental Research · 7 Zitationen · DOI

  The high prevalence of hay fever in Europe has raised concerns about the implications of climate change-induced higher temperatures on pollen production. Our study focuses on downy birch pollen production across Europe by analyzing 456 catkins during 2019-2021 in 37 International Phenological Gardens (IPG) spanning a large geographic gradient. As IPGs rely on genetically identical plants, we were able to reduce the effects of genetic variability. We studied the potential association with masting behavior and three model specifications based on mean and quantile regression to assess the impact of meteorology (e.g., temperature and precipitation) and atmospheric gases (e.g., ozone (O₃) and carbon-dioxide (CO₂)) on pollen and catkin production, while controlling for tree age approximated by stem circumference. The results revealed a substantial geographic variability in mean pollen production, ranging from 1.9 to 2.5 million pollen grains per catkin. Regression analyses indicated that elevated average temperatures of the previous summer corresponded to increased pollen production, while higher O₃ levels led to a reduction. Additionally, catkins number was positively influenced by preceding summer's temperature and precipitation but negatively by O₃ levels. The investigation of quantile effects revealed that the impacts of mean temperature and O₃ levels from the previous summer varied throughout the conditional response distribution. We found that temperature predominantly affected trees characterized by a high pollen production. We therefore suggest that birches modulate their physiological processes to optimize pollen production under varying temperature regimes. In turn, O₃ levels negatively affected trees with pollen production levels exceeding the conditional median. We conclude that future temperature increase might exacerbate pollen production while other factors may modify (decrease in the case of O₃ and amplify for precipitation) this effect. Our comprehensive study sheds light on potential impacts of climate change on downy birch pollen production, which is crucial for birch reproduction and human health.

• Identification of the Coding-Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Cytorhabdovirus in Tilia cordata Showing Extensive Leaf Chloroses

  2023

  Microbiology Resource Announcements · 7 Zitationen · DOI

  Here, we report the coding-complete sequence (14,152 nucleotides [nt]) of a novel cytorhabdovirus detected in Tilia cordata and tentatively named cytorhabdovirus tiliae. The assumed genome organization is 3'-N-P-P3-M-G-p6-p6'-L-5'. The N gene encodes the putative nucleoprotein (59.1 kDa), P encodes the phosphoprotein (34.7 kDa), P3 encodes the movement protein (23.1 kDa), M encodes the matrix protein (23.1 kDa), G encodes a glycoprotein (64.4 kDa), and L encodes the viral RNA polymerase (247 kDa). P6 and P6' are overlapping open reading frames (ORFs), which may encode gene products of 7.9 and 9.5 kDa, respectively, of unknown functions.

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Name

Dr. rer. nat. Susanne von Bargen

Titel

Dr. rer. nat.

Fakultät

Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät

Institut

Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut für Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften

Arbeitsgruppe

Phytomedizin

Telefon

+49 30 2093-46447

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Quelle ↗

Zuletzt gescrapt

26.4.2026, 01:02:20