Prof. Dr. phil. Jürgen Weissenborn
HU-FIS-Profil ↗There are basically three ways for a language to mark the focus of an utterance:prosodically, lexically, and syntactically. These means are not mutuallyexclusive but can be combined with each other.The aim of the project is to selectively investigate the acquisition of thesedifferent types of focus markers and their conditions of use in isolation aswell as in interaction in unimpaired and impaired language development.Initially the study will focus on the perception and processing of thedifferent means of focus marking during the first three years of life inunimpaired language development. In addition, we will collect spontaneous andelicited production data on focus marking from 15 children in a longitudinalstudy from 18 months to 42 months of age. We will also analyse the child andadult directed speech of the mothers of these children in order to see howunambiguous the linguistic input of the children is with respect to their taskto derive from it the rules of focus marking in the target language. One of ourstarting hypotheses is that the development of the processing of focusinformation is essentially determined by three factors:first, whether the marking of the focus is realized prosodically, syntactically,or lexically; second, whether the focus markers occur in isolation or in combination;third, by the linguistic and non-linguistic context in which the focusinformation is embedded.
Das Forschungsprojekt untersucht in Form einer vergleichenden Längsschnittstudie über die ersten drei Lebensjahre bei 200 prä- und perinatal unauffälligen Kindern die normale und gestörte Sprachentwicklung in ausgesuchten Bereichen der vorsprachlichen Lautgebung (Schreien und Lallen), der Sprachproduktion, der Sprachwahrnehmung und der Sprachverarbeitung untersuchen. Parallel hierzu werden auch bestimmte Aspekte der kognitiven und sozial-kognitiven, sowie der auditiven, neurophysiologischen und neuropsychologischen Entwicklung untersucht, von denen angenommen wird, dass ein Zusammenhang mit der Sprachentwicklung besteht. Gleichzeitig wird auch die somatische und psychomotorische Entwicklung der Kinder kontrolliert und dokumentiert. Dabei beschränkt sich die Untersuchung der Sprachentwicklungsstörungen auf spezifische Spracherwerbstörungen (SES), d.h. nicht auf Beeinträchtigungen wie neurologische Störungen, Hörschäden, mentale Retardierung oder soziale Deprivation zurückzuführende Sprachstörungen. Die drei Hauptziele der Studie sind es festzustellen, (1) welche Zusammenhänge zwischen der Entwicklung ausgewählter Parameter in den genannten Bereichen bestehen; (2) welche Unterschiede in der Entwicklung dieser Parmeter im ungestörten und gestörten Spracherwerb mögliche Ursachen bzw. Ausdruck von Sprachentwicklungsstörungen sind; und (3) in welchem Maße diese Entwicklungsparameter als Prädiktoren für den Sprachentwicklungsverlauf und damit als potentielle Diagnostica zur Früherkennung von SES dienen können.
<p>Studying the process of language acquisition in children yields important insights into what constitutes the human language capabillty. Furthermore, it can be fruitfully applied to diagnose language impairment in individual children (cf. Seymour, Roeper, and de Villiers 2000). We investigate how children acquire the interpretation od determiners like "every", "one", and "the". In the adult language these serve as the basis for forming general statements and to express logical relationships. However, many children even at primary school age cannot correctly answer simple questions involving these words (Inhelder & Piaget 1964, Philip 1995, Crain et al. 1998, and others). Most studies so far have focused on English. The goal of this project is to examine other European languages, starting with German. In German the determiners "jedes', "ein", and "der' must agree in case, number and gender with the noun, which makes it unlikely that children will treat determiners in German as adverbs (cf. Philip 1995). The project will investigate three main components of determiner interpretation: truth conditions, implicatures, and presuppositions. The project plans to conduct experiments on German speaking children, non-impaired and impaired, and English speaking children. On-going investigation by the host institution on children with Specific Language Impairment (GLAD study) in collaboration with the Kinderklinik Lindenhof in Berlin will help the current project further advance in that dimension. Furthermore, four public pre- and primary schools as well as several other day care centres in Berlin will provide a unique setting where experiments on both native German and English speaking children can be conducted. The result from normally developing children will be compared to those of children with Specific Language Impairment.</p>
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