Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Heinz-Wilhelm Hübers
Profil
Forschungsthemen7
DFG-Sachbeihilfe: Hochauflösende Terahertz-Spektroskopie mit Quantenkaskadenlasern: Spektroskopie von Störstellenübergängen in Ge und Si
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG Sachbeihilfe Zeitraum: 07/2015 - 12/2017 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Heinz-Wilhelm Hübers
Diamant für Infrarot-Optoelektronik: zeitaufgelöste Spektroskopie von angeregten Akzeptor-Zuständen in Diamant
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG Sachbeihilfe Zeitraum: 11/2017 - 10/2020 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Heinz-Wilhelm Hübers
Helium-ähnliche Störstellenzentren in Silizium und Germanium: Wechselwirkung mit Infrarotstrahlung, Nichtgleichgewichtsverteilungen und optoelektronische Anwendungen
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG Sachbeihilfe Zeitraum: 04/2018 - 03/2021 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Heinz-Wilhelm Hübers
InTerFEL - Zeitaufgelöste und nichtlineare Infrarot- und Terahertz-Spektroskopie mit einem FEL (TP1)
Quelle ↗Förderer: Bundesministerium für Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt Zeitraum: 10/2014 - 12/2017 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Heinz-Wilhelm Hübers
Multiband Millimeterwellen/Terahertz Atemgassensor basierend auf Molekülabsorptionsspektroskopie
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG Sachbeihilfe Zeitraum: 01/2019 - 06/2022 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Heinz-Wilhelm Hübers
SPP 1798: Compressed Sensing für Terahertz Körperscanner
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG Sachbeihilfe Zeitraum: 09/2015 - 08/2018 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Heinz-Wilhelm Hübers
SPP 1857: Hochempfindlicher und hochspezifischer Atemgassensor basierend auf Molekülspektroskopie im Millimeterwellenlängenbereich
Quelle ↗Förderer: DFG Sachbeihilfe Zeitraum: 10/2015 - 03/2018 Projektleitung: Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Heinz-Wilhelm Hübers
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Publikationen25
Top 25 nach Zitationen — Quelle: OpenAlex (BAAI/bge-m3 embedded für Matching).
Physical Review Letters · 256 Zitationen · DOI
A new technology for generating steady state, brilliant, broadband, coherent, far-infrared (FIR) radiation in electron storage rings is presented, suitable for FIR spectroscopy. An FIR power increase of up to 100 000 compared to the normal, incoherent synchrotron radiation in the range of approximately 5 to approximately 40 cm(-1) could be achieved. The source is up to 1000 times more brillant compared to a standard Hg arc lamp. The coherent synchrotron radiation is produced in a "low alpha" optics mode of the synchrotron light source BESSY, by bunch shortening and non-Gaussian bunch deformation.
Astronomy and Astrophysics · 251 Zitationen · DOI
We describe the design and construction of GREAT (German REceiver for Astronomy at Terahertz frequencies) operated on the Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). GREAT is a modular dual-color heterodyne instrument for high-resolution far-infrared (FIR) spectroscopy. Selected for SOFIA’s Early Science demonstration, the instrument has successfully performed three Short and more than a dozen Basic Science flights since first light was recorded on its April 1, 2011 commissioning flight. We report on the in-flight performance and operation of the receiver that – in various flight configurations, with three different detector channels – observed in several science-defined frequency windows between 1.25 and 2.5 THz. The receiver optics was verified to be diffraction-limited as designed, with nominal efficiencies; receiver sensitivities are state-of-the-art, with excellent system stability. The modular design allows for the continuous integration of latest technologies; we briefly discuss additional channels under development and ongoing improvements for Cycle 1 observations. GREAT is a principal investigator instrument, developed by a consortium of four German research institutes, available to the SOFIA users on a collaborative basis.
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics · 204 Zitationen · DOI
The state-of-the art of terahertz heterodyne receivers are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on front-end components such as mixers and local oscillators. The back-end technology is described to a lesser extent. Recent developments, which are expected to have a major impact in the future, are also discussed.
Physical Review B · 184 Zitationen · DOI
Optical and transport properties of a series of ultrathin NbN films with different thickness grown on sapphire have been evaluated by means of spectral ellipsometry and dc measurements of superconducting critical parameters. The growth process and thus the nitrogen content have been optimized for each film in the series to achieve the highest superconducting transition temperature, which however increases with the film thickness. Optical and transport measurements agree in slowly increasing disorder while the electron density of states at the Fermi level shows a twofold decrease when the film thickness drops from 14 to 3 nm. Near-infrared extinction spectra of nanowire gratings from our films are well described by the scattering matrix method that uses optical parameters of nonstructured films and the grating geometry. The technique provides an attractive tool for analyzing various devices for nanophotonics.
The European Physical Journal B · 156 Zitationen · DOI
Astrobiology · 153 Zitationen · DOI
BIOMEX (BIOlogy and Mars EXperiment) is an ESA/Roscosmos space exposure experiment housed within the exposure facility EXPOSE-R2 outside the Zvezda module on the International Space Station (ISS). The design of the multiuser facility supports-among others-the BIOMEX investigations into the stability and level of degradation of space-exposed biosignatures such as pigments, secondary metabolites, and cell surfaces in contact with a terrestrial and Mars analog mineral environment. In parallel, analysis on the viability of the investigated organisms has provided relevant data for evaluation of the habitability of Mars, for the limits of life, and for the likelihood of an interplanetary transfer of life (theory of lithopanspermia). In this project, lichens, archaea, bacteria, cyanobacteria, snow/permafrost algae, meristematic black fungi, and bryophytes from alpine and polar habitats were embedded, grown, and cultured on a mixture of martian and lunar regolith analogs or other terrestrial minerals. The organisms and regolith analogs and terrestrial mineral mixtures were then exposed to space and to simulated Mars-like conditions by way of the EXPOSE-R2 facility. In this special issue, we present the first set of data obtained in reference to our investigation into the habitability of Mars and limits of life. This project was initiated and implemented by the BIOMEX group, an international and interdisciplinary consortium of 30 institutes in 12 countries on 3 continents. Preflight tests for sample selection, results from ground-based simulation experiments, and the space experiments themselves are presented and include a complete overview of the scientific processes required for this space experiment and postflight analysis. The presented BIOMEX concept could be scaled up to future exposure experiments on the Moon and will serve as a pretest in low Earth orbit.
Physical Review B · 153 Zitationen · DOI
We present results from an extensive study of fluctuation phenomena in superconducting nanowires made from sputtered NbN. Nanoscale wires were fabricated in form of a meander and operated at a constant temperature $T\ensuremath{\approx}0.4{T}_{\text{c}}(0)$. The superconducting state is driven close to the electronic phase transition by a high bias current near the critical one. Fluctuations of sufficient strength temporarily drive a section of the meander structure into the normal-conducting state, which can be registered as a voltage pulse of nanosecond duration. We considered three different models (vortex-antivortex pairs, vortex edge barriers, and phase-slip centers) to explain the experimental data. Only thermally excited vortices, either via unbinding of vortex-antivortex pairs or vortices overcoming the edge barrier, lead to a satisfactory and consistent description for all measurements.
Springer series in optical sciences/SPringer series in optical sciences · 134 Zitationen · DOI
IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques · 130 Zitationen · DOI
<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Radiation coupling efficiency and directive properties of integrated lens antennas with log-spiral, log-periodic, and double-slot planar feeds coupled to a hot-electron bolometer were experimentally studied at frequencies from 1 to 6 THz and compared with simulations based on the method of moments and physical-optics ray tracing. For all studied antennas, the modeled spectral dependence of the coupling efficiency fits to the experimental data obtained with both Fourier transform spectroscopy and noise temperature measurements only if the complex impedance of the bolometer is explicitly taken into account. At high frequencies, the radiation pattern of integrated antennas exhibits sidelobes, which are higher than those predicted by the antenna model. </para>
IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology · 113 Zitationen · DOI
The design and the performance of a 4.7-THz local oscillator (LO) for the GREAT (German REceiver for Astronomy at Terahertz frequencies) heterodyne spectrometer on SOFIA, the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, are presented. The LO is based on a quantum-cascade laser, which is mounted in a compact mechanical cryocooler. The LO provides up to 150 μW output power into a nearly Gaussian shaped beam. It covers the frequency range from approximately +2 to -4 GHz around the fine structure line of neutral atomic oxygen, OI, at 4.7448 THz. The LO has been successfully operated on SOFIA during six observation flights in May 2014 and January 2015.
Physical Review B · 111 Zitationen · DOI
Using scanning tunneling spectroscopy, we address the problem of the superconductor-insulator phase transition in homogeneously disordered ultrathin (2--15 nm) films of NbN. Samples thicker than 8 nm, for which the Ioffe-Regel parameter ${k}_{F}l\ensuremath{\ge}5.6$, manifest a conventional superconductivity: a spatially homogeneous BCS-like gap, vanishing at the critical temperature, and a disordered vortex lattice in magnetic field. Upon thickness reduction, however, while ${k}_{F}l$ lowers, the STS reveals striking deviations from the BCS scenario, among which a progressive decrease of the coherence peak height and small spatial inhomogeneities. In addition, the gap below ${T}_{C}$ develops on a spectral background, which becomes more and more ``V-shaped'' approaching the localization. The thinnest film (2.16 nm), while not being exactly at the superconductor-insulator transition (SIT) (${T}_{C}\ensuremath{\approx}0.4{T}_{C}^{\mathrm{bulk}}$), showed unconventional signatures such as the vanishing of the coherence peaks and the absence of vortices. This behavior suggests a weakening of long-range phase coherence, when approaching the SIT in this quasi-2D limit.
Astronomy and Astrophysics · 108 Zitationen · DOI
We present a new multi-pixel high resolution (R ≳ 107) spectrometer for the Stratospheric Observatory for Far-Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). The receiver uses 2 × 7-pixel subarrays in orthogonal polarization, each in an hexagonal array around a central pixel. We present the first results for this new instrument after commissioning campaigns in May and December 2015 and after science observations performed in May 2016. The receiver is designed to ultimately cover the full 1.8−2.5 THz frequency range but in its first implementation, the observing range was limited to observations of the [CII] line at 1.9 THz in 2015 and extended to 1.83−2.07 THz in 2016. The instrument sensitivities are state-of-the-art and the first scientific observations performed shortly after the commissioning confirm that the time efficiency for large scale imaging is improved by more than an order of magnitude as compared to single pixel receivers. An example of large scale mapping around the Horsehead Nebula is presented here illustrating this improvement. The array has been added to SOFIA’s instrument suite already for ongoing observing cycle 4.
Applied Physics Letters · 107 Zitationen · DOI
Terahertz scanning near-field infrared microscopy below 1 THz is demonstrated at an electron storage ring using coherent synchrotron radiation. Spatial resolution below the diffraction limit down to about λ/40 at 2 cm−1 is derived from the transmittance spectra of a conical aperture probe. The potential of the technique is exemplified by imaging wet biological samples. Strongly absorbing living leaves have been imaged in transmittance with a spatial resolution of 130 μm at about 12 cm−1. The THz near-field images reveal distinct structural differences in the mesophytic and xerophytic leaves investigated.
Journal of Applied Physics · 107 Zitationen · DOI
We present the measurements and the theoretical model of the frequency-dependent noise temperature of a superconductor lattice-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer in the terahertz frequency range. The increase of the noise temperature with frequency is a cumulative effect of the nonuniform distribution of the high-frequency current in the bolometer and the charge imbalance, which occurs at the edges of the normal domain and at the contacts with normal metal. We show that under optimal operation the fluctuation sensitivity of the mixer is determined by thermodynamic fluctuations of the noise power, whereas at small biases there appears additional noise, which is probably due to the flux flow. We propose the prescription of how to minimize the influence of the current distribution on the mixer performance.
Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation · 104 Zitationen · DOI
We present the performance of the upGREAT heterodyne array receivers on the SOFIA telescope after several years of operations. This instrument is a multi-pixel high resolution ([Formula: see text]) spectrometer for the Stratospheric Observatory for Far-Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). The receivers use 7-pixel subarrays configured in a hexagonal layout around a central pixel. The low frequency array receiver (LFA) has [Formula: see text] pixels (dual polarization), and presently covers the 1.83–2.07[Formula: see text]THz frequency range, which allows to observe the [CII] and [OI] lines at 158[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m and 145[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m wavelengths. The high frequency array (HFA) covers the [OI] line at 63[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m and is equipped with one polarization at the moment (7 pixels, which can be upgraded in the near future with a second polarization array). The 4.7[Formula: see text]THz array has successfully flown using two separate quantum-cascade laser local oscillators from two different groups. NASA completed the development, integration and testing of a dual-channel closed-cycle cryocooler system, with two independently operable He compressors, aboard SOFIA in early 2017 and since then, both arrays can be operated in parallel using a frequency separating dichroic mirror. This configuration is now the prime GREAT configuration and has been added to SOFIA’s instrument suite since observing cycle 6.
IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters · 96 Zitationen · DOI
Teams of mobile robots will play a crucial role in future missions to explore the surfaces of extraterrestrial bodies. Setting up infrastructure and taking scientific samples are expensive tasks when operating in distant, challenging, and unknown environments. In contrast to current single-robot space missions, future heterogeneous robotic teams will increase efficiency via enhanced autonomy and parallelization, improve robustness via functional redundancy, as well as benefit from complementary capabilities of the individual robots. In this letter, we present our heterogeneous robotic team, consisting of flying and driving robots that we plan to deploy on scientific sampling demonstration missions at a Moon-analogue site on Mt. Etna, Sicily, Italy in 2021 as part of the ARCHES project. We describe the robots' individual capabilities and their roles in two mission scenarios. We then present components and experiments on important tasks therein: automated task planning, high-level mission control, spectral rock analysis, radio-based localization, collaborative multi-robot 6D SLAM in Moon-analogue and Mars-like scenarios, and demonstrations of autonomous sample return.
IEEE Electron Device Letters · 95 Zitationen · DOI
Schottky diodes are well-known nonlinear elements allowing for effective detection and mixing of electromagnetic radiation in the range through microwave to terahertz. Although less sensitive than their superconducting counterparts, they generally do not require cooling that makes them the devices of choice for applications where the ultimate sensitivity is not needed. In the emerging field of terahertz technology, there is a long-time quest for cheap and handy detectors for laboratory use, as well as for serial compact and midsize instruments. We describe the use of a quasi-optically coupled zero-bias planar Schottky-diode detector for monitoring picosecond pulses of synchrotron terahertz radiation and weak continuous-wave emission from an array of Josephson junctions.
Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) · 90 Zitationen · DOI
Materials with a small superconducting energy gap are expected to favor a high detection efficiency of low-energy photons in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. We developed a TaN detector with smaller gap and lower density of states at the Fermi energy than in comparable NbN devices, while other relevant parameters remain essentially unchanged. The observed reduction of the minimum photon energy required for direct detection is in line with model predictions of ≈1/3 as compared to NbN.
Planetary and Space Science · 88 Zitationen · DOI
Journal of Applied Physics · 88 Zitationen · DOI
We evaluate experimentally the intrinsic detection efficiency (IDE) of superconducting NbN nanowire single-photon detectors in the range of wire thicknesses from 4 to 12 nm. The study is performed in the broad spectral interval between near-ultraviolet (wavelength 400 nm) and near-infrared (wavelength 2000 nm) light with plane waves at normal incidence. For visible light the IDE of the thinnest detectors reaches 70%. We use numerically computed absorptance of the nanowire-structures for the analysis of the experimental data. Variations in the detection efficiency with both the wire thickness and the wavelength evidence the red boundary of the hot-spot photon-detection mechanism. We explain the detection at larger wavelengths invoking thermal excitation of magnetic Pearl vortices over the potential barrier at the edges of the wire.
Planetary and Space Science · 80 Zitationen · DOI
IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology · 77 Zitationen · DOI
We present the upGREAT THz heterodyne arrays for far-infrared astronomy. The low-frequency array (LFA) is designed to cover the 1.9-2.5 THz range using 2 × 7-pixel waveguide-based HEB mixer arrays in a dual polarization configuration. The high-frequency array (HFA) will perform observations of the [OI] line at ~ 4.745 THz using a 7-pixel waveguide- based HEB mixer array. This paper describes the common design for both arrays, cooled to 4.5 K using closed-cycle pulse tube technology. We then show the laboratory and telescope characterization of the first array with its 14 pixels (LFA), which culminated in the successful commissioning in May 2015 aboard the SOFIA airborne observatory observing the [CII] fine structure transition at 1.9005 THz. This is the first successful demonstration of astronomical observations with a heterodyne focal plane array above 1 THz and is also the first time high-power closed-cycle coolers for temperatures below 4.5 K are operated on an airborne platform.
Optics Express · 74 Zitationen · DOI
We report on the development of a compact, easy-to-use terahertz radiation source, which combines a quantum-cascade laser (QCL) operating at 3.1 THz with a compact, low-input-power Stirling cooler. The QCL, which is based on a two-miniband design, has been developed for high output and low electrical pump power. The amount of generated heat complies with the nominal cooling capacity of the Stirling cooler of 7 W at 65 K with 240 W of electrical input power. Special care has been taken to achieve a good thermal coupling between the QCL and the cold finger of the cooler. The whole system weighs less than 15 kg including the cooler and power supplies. The maximum output power is 8 mW at 3.1 THz. With an appropriate optical beam shaping, the emission profile of the laser is fundamental Gaussian. The applicability of the system is demonstrated by imaging and molecular-spectroscopy experiments.
Sensors · 73 Zitationen · DOI
Breath gas analysis is a promising tool for medical research and diagnosis. A particularly powerful technological approach is millimeter-wave/terahertz (mmW/THz) spectroscopy, because it is a very sensitive and highly selective technique. In addition, it offers the potential for compact and affordable sensing systems for wide use. In this work, we demonstrate the capability of a mmW/THz spectrometer for breath analysis. Samples from three volunteers and a sample from ambient air were analyzed with respect to 31 different molecular species. High-resolution absorption spectra were measured by scanning two absorption lines from each species. Out of the 31, a total of 21 species were detected. The results demonstrate the potential of mmW/THz spectroscopy for breath analysis.
Infrared Physics & Technology · 73 Zitationen · DOI
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Identität, Organisation und Kontakt aus HU-FIS.
- Name
- Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Heinz-Wilhelm Hübers
- Titel
- Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c.
- Fakultät
- Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät
- Institut
- Institut für Physik
- Arbeitsgruppe
- Optische Systeme (S)
- Telefon
- +49 30 67055596
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