Prof. Zeitz erforscht die Kohlenstoffspeicherung in Böden unter verschiedenen Landnutzungsformen — insbesondere in Moorböden, städtischen Böden und landwirtschaftlichen Ökosystemen. Sie entwickelt Bewertungsmethoden und Kartierungswerkzeuge, um Bodenqualität systematisch zu erfassen und Kohlenstoffquellen sowie -senken zu quantifizieren. Ihre Arbeiten zielen darauf ab, Kommunen und Landwirtschaftsbetriebe mit wissenschaftlich fundierten Verfahren auszustatten, um Klimaschutz und Biodiversitätsschutz durch besseres Bodenmanagement umzusetzen — etwa durch Paludikultur auf Moorstandorten oder Humusmonitoring. Die Ergebnisse sind relevant für Stadtplanung, Landwirtschaft, Naturschutz und internationale Klimaberichterstattung.
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Prof. Dr. agr. Jutta Zeitz
HU-FIS-Profil ↗Zur Renaturierung von Niedermoorflächen wird ein ausreichendes Wasserdargebot benötigt, was jedoch besonders in Nordostdeutschland meist nicht zur Verfügung steht. Alternativ wird bei der Wiedervernässung schilfbestandener Torfprofile in Lysimetern gereinigtes Abwasser einer kommunalen, zweistufigen Abwasserbehandlungsanlage während der Vegetationsperiode eingesetzt. In bisherigen Untersuchungen fand gereinigtes Abwasser als Stütze des landschaftswasserhaushaltes zur Wiedervernässung von Niedermooren keine Berücksichtigung. Mit dem Einsatz von gereinigtem kommun alen Abwasser für die Wiedervernässung von Niedermooren wird (1) das benötigte Zusatzwasser für die Wiedervernässung realisiert und (2) eine Retention von Nährstoffen im Moorkörper angestrebt. Es sollen Aussagen zur Wasserqualität und -quantität des Zuschusswassers und damit zur praktischen Umsetzung dieser alternativen Wiedervernässungsmaßnahme getroffen.
Im Anschluß an den Analyseteil (2003) wird ein Ableitealgorithmus zur Auswertung von Altdaten erarbeitet. Die Nutzung für Hochmoore ist zu prüfen. In Abhängigkeit der hydrologisch-genetischen Moortypene werden die Daten so aufbereitet, dass erstmalig flächenrepräsentative Bodenprofile für Moore und angrenzende Böden deutschlandweit bereitstehen. Die Methodik wird einzelfallweise in ausgewählten bundesländern mittels Gelände- und Laborarbeiten getestet. Alle Ergebnisse werden so aufbereitet, dass sie für die Anwender im Boden- und Umweltschutz leicht handhabbar sind.
Global Change Biology · DOI
Abstract Drainage has turned peatlands from a carbon sink into one of the world's largest greenhouse gas ( GHG ) sources from cultivated soils. We analyzed a unique data set (12 peatlands, 48 sites and 122 annual budgets) of mainly unpublished GHG emissions from grasslands on bog and fen peat as well as other soils rich in soil organic carbon ( SOC ) in Germany. Emissions and environmental variables were measured with identical methods. Site‐averaged GHG budgets were surprisingly variable (29.2 ± 17.4 t CO 2 ‐eq. ha −1 yr −1 ) and partially higher than all published data and the IPCC default emission factors for GHG inventories. Generally, CO 2 (27.7 ± 17.3 t CO 2 ha −1 yr −1 ) dominated the GHG budget. Nitrous oxide (2.3 ± 2.4 kg N 2 O‐N ha −1 yr −1 ) and methane emissions (30.8 ± 69.8 kg CH 4 ‐C ha −1 yr −1 ) were lower than expected except for CH 4 emissions from nutrient‐poor acidic sites. At single peatlands, CO 2 emissions clearly increased with deeper mean water table depth ( WTD ), but there was no general dependency of CO 2 on WTD for the complete data set. Thus, regionalization of CO 2 emissions by WTD only will remain uncertain. WTD dynamics explained some of the differences between peatlands as sites which became very dry during summer showed lower emissions. We introduced the aerated nitrogen stock (N air ) as a variable combining soil nitrogen stocks with WTD . CO 2 increased with N air across peatlands. Soils with comparatively low SOC concentrations showed as high CO 2 emissions as true peat soils because N air was similar. N 2 O emissions were controlled by the WTD dynamics and the nitrogen content of the topsoil. CH 4 emissions can be well described by WTD and ponding duration during summer. Our results can help both to improve GHG emission reporting and to prioritize and plan emission reduction measures for peat and similar soils at different scales.
European Journal of Soil Science · DOI
Summary Peatlands are an important component of the global carbon cycle because they comprise huge amounts of terrestrial carbon ( C ). Different conditions during peat formation and secondary peat decomposition affect the quantity and composition of soil organic matter ( SOM ) in peats. There are few comparative studies on the chemical composition of SOM in temperate peatland soil. This study investigates compositional changes of SOM functional groups in peats and corresponding peat‐forming plants by Fourier transform infrared ( FTIR ) spectroscopy. Three plant samples and 29 peat samples were taken from seven temperate peatland sites with different genesis and land‐use intensity. Site‐specific differences, such as genesis of the peat, were found to be reflected in the FTIR spectra. In general, there was more variation in FTIR spectra in samples from fens than in those from bogs and peat‐forming plants. The samples from fens have a smaller C–H absorption band than those from bogs and plants, which reflects greater biochemical activity in the minerotrophic than ombrotrophic environments. In addition to peat genesis, drainage and secondary peat decomposition also affect SOM composition substantially. The larger amounts of aliphatic compounds in undrained peats could be explained by selective preservation caused by anaerobic conditions. With increasing drainage of the sites, there was a decrease in the C–H absorption that was accompanied by a relative increase in C=O absorption. These changes in absorption intensities reflect the enhanced aerobic decomposition and mineralization that accompanies drainage and land‐use intensity. However, the ‘degree of peat decomposition’, a diagnostic tool used in the field, is not reflected by OM composition determined by FTIR spectroscopy. Our results contribute to further understanding of changes in SOM composition during peat formation and processes of secondary decomposition caused by drainage.
Regional Environmental Change · DOI
Abstract Peatlands in the European Union are largely drained for agriculture and emit 25% of the total agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. Drainage-based peatland use has also negative impacts on water quality, drinking water provision and biodiversity. Consequently, key EU environmental policy objectives include the rewetting of all drained peatlands as an essential nature-based solution. Rewetting of peatlands can be combined with site-adapted land use, so-called paludiculture. Paludiculture produces biomass from wet and rewetted peatlands under conditions that maintain the peat body, facilitate peat accumulation and can provide many of the ecosystem services associated with natural, undrained peatlands. The biomass can be used for a wide range of traditional and innovative food, feed, fibre and fuel products. Based on examples in Germany, we have analysed emerging paludiculture options for temperate Europe with respect to greenhouse gas fluxes, biodiversity and indicative business economics. Best estimates of site emission factors vary between 0 and 8 t CO 2 eq ha −1 y −1 . Suitability maps for four peatland-rich federal states (76% of total German peatland area) indicate that most of the drained, agriculturally used peatland area could be used for paludiculture, about one-third of the fen area for any paludiculture type. Fen-specific biodiversity benefits from rewetting and paludiculture, if compared to the drained state. Under favourable conditions, paludiculture can be economically viable, but costs and revenues vary considerably. Key recommendations for large-scale implementation are providing planning security by paludiculture spatial planning, establishing best practice sites and strengthening research into crops, water tables and management options.