Dr. Lara Sophie Burchardt erforscht die zeitlichen Strukturen und rhythmischen Muster in der akustischen Kommunikation von Tieren und Menschen. Ihr aktueller Fokus liegt auf der Analyse von Beat-Präzision und Rhythmus-Variationen — Merkmale, die bislang gegenüber spektralen Eigenschaften vernachlässigt wurden. Für Unternehmen und öffentliche Institutionen eröffnet dies Anwendungen in der Tierüberwachung, der Verhaltensdiagnostik sowie in der Entwicklung von Kommunikationssystemen, die auf zeitliche Signalmuster reagieren. Die Methoden sind relevant für Zoologie, Verhaltensforschung, Akustik-Engineering und möglicherweise für medizinische Diagnostik.
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Dr. Lara Sophie Burchardt
HU-FIS-Profil ↗Viele Arten, darunter auch der Mensch, kommunizieren akustisch. Während die spektralen Merkmale akustischer Signale jahrzehntelang das Hauptaugenmerk der Forscher waren, erleben wir derzeit eine Revolution: Immer mehr Studien konzentrieren sich auch auf zeitliche Merkmale oder Rhythmen und gehen neuen und vielfältigen Fragen nach, die durch die Untersuchung der spektralen Parameter allein nicht beantwortet werden können. Das Potenzial von Rhythmusforschung zur Beantwortung von Fragen zur Artenidentität, Physiologie, Kognition, Ökologie und Verhalten ist dabei noch nicht vollständig erkannt. Diese Revolution erfordert die Entwicklung und gründliche Erprobung neuer Methoden und Parameter, um die gesetzten Ziele zu erreichen. In diesem Projekt verfolge ich zwei Ziele: Erstens werde ich den neu entwickelten Parameter der "Beat Precision" zu seiner vollen Stärke weiter entwickeln. Er beschreibt, wie gut eine erwartete, theoretische Zeitreihe mit einem biologischen Signal übereinstimmt. Zweitens werde ich diese Methode - die nicht nur für akustische Daten geeignet ist - auf verschiedene Datensätze anwenden, um die adaptiven Funktionen akustischer Rhythmen zu beleuchten. Konkret werde ich die Beat Precision bei drei verschiedenen Arten und auch über Ontogenese, Kontexte und kulturelle Evolution hinweg testen, um mögliche Evolutionsdrücke für Rhythmik in akustischen Signalen von Tiere zu finden.
Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · DOI
Humans often vocalize while concurrently gesturing with their hands. Fluctuations in the intensity and tone of the voice have been shown to synchronize with gestural upper limb movement. This research provides direct evidence that (postural) muscle activity associated with arm movements predict these voicing fluctuations. We show that specific muscles (e.g. pectoralis major, erector spinae), associated with upper limb movement and their postural anticipations, are especially likely to interact with the voice. Adding a 1 kg mass to the upper limb increased this interaction. Ground-reaction forces were also found to relate to postural muscles, and these measurements also directly covaried with fluctuations in the voice during some movement conditions. These results show that the voice co-patterns with whole-body kinetics (i.e. forces). We thereby go beyond kinematic analyses in studying interactions between gesturing and vocalization, invoking several implications for biomechanical modelling. We conclude that human voicing has evolved in a dynamical interaction with the whole-body motor system.
Scientific Reports · DOI
Recent studies have highlighted rhythmic patterns in the vocalizations of several animal species, particularly in songbirds. Whilst it is known that for instance zebra finches copy the spectral content of their tutor's song, little is known about possible rhythmic copying. In this study, analyzing the inter-onset intervals of the elements in the motifs of 17 tutors and their 37 tutees shows that rhythms are most similar between tutors and their respective tutees - though only when considering the whole motif produced by the tutee. When examining only shared or only non-shared elements, rhythmic patterns differed. This suggests that the shared rhythm goes beyond copying the temporal features of individual elements; tutees perhaps adjust the rhythm of non-shared intervals, resulting in an overall rhythm resembling their tutors'. Furthermore, tutees who share all elements tend to sing slower, more consistent rhythms, while those who improvise more in elements or melody show greater variability in both rhythmic rate and consistency. This might hint at two distinct evolutionary strategies: one favoring consistent, slower rhythms, the other favoring novelty. Female choice experiments might be the next step to prove this hypothesis.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · DOI
Abstract Animal rhythms are gaining increasing attention in the studies of behaviour and musicology. Recently, it has been shown that rhythm itself can be used as an information coding channel. Now we ask: does this hold true for arrhythmic sequences? To answer that, we analysed songs of the tawny pipits ( Anthus campestris ), migratory songbirds known for their simple songs. Using focal recordings of 384 individuals from six populations collected across their European breeding range, we calculated an extensive set of rhythmic and temporal indices to describe each song. First, the pattern of these songs was inspected and shown to be arrhythmic. Second, songs belonging to specific individuals and populations were compared using permuted discriminant function analysis and supervised uniform manifold approximation and projection. To describe the level of individuality of the rhythmic structure alone, we calculated Beecher’s statistic for all songs, as well as the potential of identity coding for each parameter separately. We show that tawny pipit males sing using individual rhythmic patterns in their arrhythmic songs, and that modern rhythmic indices, such as beat precision and integer ratios, are among some of the most individually distinct parameters of their songs. Furthermore, contrary to previous investigations based on the spectral shape and basic frequency and temporal characteristics of these songs, we show that the species displays population-specific temporal patterns, with significant differences throughout its European range. This study is the first to demonstrate geographic scale differences in birdsong rhythm, and to show that rhythmic analysis can provide useful descriptions of arrhythmic sequences.